Hampl Jeffrey S, Anderson Judith V, Mullis Rebecca
AZ State University, Mesa, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Nov;102(11):1680-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90359-7.
In the United States, the leading determinants of morbidity and mortality are rooted in behavioral choices related to eating habits, exercise, tobacco, alcohol consumption, and stress reduction. Scientific data consistently provide evidence that diet plays an important role in health promotion and disease prevention. Healthy eating habits--coupled with other healthful lifestyle behaviors--have the potential to reduce the risk of chronic disease. Health care typically assumes a curative or treatment role in the United States. However, dietetics professionals are shaping an alternate view of health, which includes developing healthy public policies, creating safe and supportive environments, building communities and coalitions, and reorienting health services to include health promotion as a primary approach to delivering health care. Individual-level approaches, such as counseling and group education, have been employed most often in modifying health behaviors. However, population-level approaches that affect availability of or access to healthy foods, opportunities for physical activity, and other healthy lifestyle determinants also are important. Dietetics professionals have pivotal roles in both individual- and population-level approaches.
在美国，发病率和死亡率的主要决定因素源于与饮食习惯、运动、烟草、酒精消费及减压相关的行为选择。科学数据始终证明，饮食在促进健康和预防疾病方面发挥着重要作用。健康的饮食习惯——与其他有益健康的生活方式行为相结合——有可能降低慢性病风险。在美国，医疗保健通常承担治疗角色。然而，营养专业人员正在塑造一种不同的健康观念，其中包括制定健康的公共政策、营造安全且支持性的环境、建立社区和联盟，以及调整卫生服务方向，将健康促进作为提供医疗保健的主要方法。诸如咨询和团体教育等个人层面的方法，在改变健康行为方面最为常用。然而，影响健康食品供应或获取、体育活动机会及其他健康生活方式决定因素的人群层面方法也很重要。营养专业人员在个人层面和人群层面的方法中都起着关键作用。
