Sequential use of clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin in ovulation induction.

In an effort to diminish the incidence of multiple pregnancy, ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome, and the excessive cost of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) administration, a sequence of Clomid-HMG-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was used in 80 patients with infertility due to prolonged amenorrhea. Criteria for this therapeutic regimen were: (1) normal seminal fluid analysis and postcoital test; (2) lack of withdrawal bleeding from progesterone following amenorrhea of more than 6 months' duration; (3) normal x-ray of the sella turcica and visual fields; (4) low serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels; (5) normal endoscopic examination; and (6) lack of response to clomiphene in excessive dose (200 mg daily for 5 days) or prolonged dose (100 mg daily for 10 days) with or without HCG, or apparent ovulatory response to the above sequence for five or six consecutive cycles without pregnancy. Clomiphene was administered in a dose of 100 mg daily for 7 days. HMG was then given in the following manner: two ampules daily for 4 days, then one ampule daily for 2 days (75 IU of FSH and 75 IU of LH/ampule). After a 24-hour interval without treatment, 10,000 IU of HCG were given and 2000 IU of HCG 4 days later. Twenty-three pregnancies occurred in 80 patients. However, 15 of the first 25 patients became pregnant--in these patients the only abnormality noted was lack of ovulation. Six additional pregnancies occurred subsequent to one or more unsuccessful cycles. Multiple pregnancies occurred in only two patients (twins delivered at 32 weeks in one and an abortion of five fetuses at 20 weeks in another). However, multiple pregnancy did not occur in any patient whose urinary estrogen level was monitored and in whom the level was 100 mug or less when the HCG was given. The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome did not occur in any patient.