玉米收获后的储存：起始水分含量对真菌菌群和伏马菌素污染的影响。

Post-harvest storage of corn: effect of beginning moisture content on mycoflora and fumonisin contamination.

作者信息

Ono E Y S, Sasaki E Y, Hashimoto E H, Hara L N, Corrêa B, Itano E N, Sugiura T, Ueno Y, Hirooka E Y

机构信息

Department of Biochemistry, State University of Londrina, PO Box 6001, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.

出版信息

Food Addit Contam. 2002 Nov;19(11):1081-90. doi: 10.1080/02652030210146828.

DOI:10.1080/02652030210146828

PMID:12456280

Abstract

The effect of storage on mycoflora profile was monitored bimonthly in 36 corn (Zea mays L.) samples, dividing the same sample into groups dried to 11 and 14% moisture content (1008 analysis). These groups were further subdivided based on the initial total count (moulds and yeasts) up to 10(4) CFU g(-1) (12 samples, range 1.6 x 10(4) to 9.0 x 10(4), mean 3.8 x 10(4) CFU g(-1)) and up to 10(5) CFU g(-1) (24 samples, range 1.0 x 10(5) to 5.0 x 10(5), mean 2.7 x 10(5) CFU g(-1)). In the corn group dried to 11%, the fumonisin content was analysed at the initial stage (freshly harvested) and at the end of 12-month storage. Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. prevailed at the freshly harvested stage (100%), maintaining this profile throughout 12 months, in corn dried to both 11 and 14%. Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus spp. and Phoma spp. were also detected at lower frequencies during the storage. Fusarium spp. and the total fungal colony count during 12-month storage carried out with samples dried to 11 or 14% moisture content were statistically evaluated using ANOVA for randomized complete block design. The correlation between storage time and Fusarium spp. and total fungal colony count data was analysed by Pearson's correlation test. There was no difference in Fusarium spp. and total counts in the 10(4) CFU g(-1) initial total count group throughout the storage time (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between fungal population and storage time (p < 0.05) in the 10(5) CFU g(-1) initial total count group. Fumonisins were detected in all freshly harvested corn, at a mean concentration of 9.9 +/- 6.0 micro g g(-1) (range 0.74-22.6 micro g g(-)1). These values did not change in the 12-month stored corn (mean of 9.9 +/- 5.8 micro g g(-1), range 0.81-23.7 micro g g(-1)). These post harvest data indicated the importance of moisture content at the crop harvesting/predrying stage to control fungal growth and further fumonisin production.

摘要

对36个玉米（Zea mays L.）样本的霉菌菌群分布受储存的影响进行了双月监测，将同一样本分为水分含量干燥至11%和14%的组（共1008次分析）。这些组进一步根据初始总菌数（霉菌和酵母菌）分为高达10⁴ CFU g⁻¹（12个样本，范围为1.6×10⁴至9.0×10⁴，平均3.8×10⁴ CFU g⁻¹）和高达10⁵ CFU g⁻¹（24个样本，范围为1.0×10⁵至5.0×10⁵，平均2.7×10⁵ CFU g⁻¹）的组。在干燥至11%的玉米组中，在初始阶段（刚收获时）和储存12个月结束时分析了伏马毒素含量。在刚收获阶段，镰刀菌属和青霉属占主导（100%），在干燥至11%和14%的玉米中，整个12个月都保持这种分布。在储存期间也以较低频率检测到枝孢菌属、曲霉属和茎点霉属。使用随机完全区组设计的方差分析对干燥至11%或14%水分含量的样本在12个月储存期间的镰刀菌属和真菌总菌落数进行了统计评估。通过Pearson相关检验分析了储存时间与镰刀菌属和真菌总菌落数数据之间的相关性。在整个储存时间内，初始总菌数为10⁴ CFU g⁻¹组中的镰刀菌属和总数没有差异（p < 0.05）。在初始总菌数为10⁵ CFU g⁻¹组中，真菌数量与储存时间之间存在负相关（p < 0.05）。在所有刚收获的玉米中都检测到了伏马毒素，平均浓度为9.9±6.0 μg g⁻¹（范围为0.74 - 22.6 μg g⁻¹）。在储存12个月的玉米中这些值没有变化（平均为9.9±5.8 μg g⁻¹，范围为0.81 - 23.7 μg g⁻¹）。这些收获后数据表明了作物收获/预干燥阶段的水分含量对于控制真菌生长和进一步产生伏马毒素的重要性。