Smith Robert C., Infante Mauricio, Ali Akeela, Nigam Sanjay, Kotsaftis Antonis
Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical School, Hewlett, New York. Manhattan Psychiatric Center, New York, New York;
Subst Abus. 2001 Sep;22(3):175-186. doi: 10.1080/08897070109511457.
Cigarette smoking and/or nicotine administration have been shown to transiently ameliorate several psychophysiological deficits in patients with schizophrenia such as indicators of deficient sensory gating and attention, but acute effects of smoking on positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia have not been evaluated in experimental paradigms. The current study assessed whether smoking of cigarettes, after 6-12 h abstinence, transiently alters the expression of negative and/or positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia who have a history of regular smoking. In a double-blind, placebo controlled study patients with schizophrenia participated in two sessions in which they smoked either cigarettes moderately high in nicotine content or denicotinized cigarettes. They were interviewed pre-and postsmoking to obtain ratings of PANSS and SANS scales, and had blood pressure and pulse serially recorded before and after smoking. Pulse rate and blood pressure were slightly higher after smoking in the high nicotine cigarette session. Negative symptom scores on both scales were significantly lower after cigarette smoking compared to same-day predrug baseline, but there were no differences in active versus denicotinized cigarette drug effects. These results suggest that acute smoking of cigarettes reduces negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia in this experimental paradigm. Future work needs to identify the mechanism responsible for this behavioral effect.
吸烟和/或给予尼古丁已被证明可短暂改善精神分裂症患者的几种心理生理缺陷，如感觉门控和注意力缺陷指标，但吸烟对精神分裂症阳性和阴性症状的急性影响尚未在实验范式中进行评估。本研究评估了在禁欲6至12小时后吸烟是否会短暂改变有规律吸烟史的精神分裂症患者阴性和/或阳性症状的表现。在一项双盲、安慰剂对照研究中，精神分裂症患者参加了两个阶段的试验，在其中他们要么吸尼古丁含量适中偏高的香烟，要么吸去尼古丁的香烟。在吸烟前后对他们进行访谈，以获得阳性和阴性症状评定量表（PANSS）和阴性症状评定量表（SANS）的评分，并在吸烟前后连续记录血压和脉搏。在吸高尼古丁香烟阶段，吸烟后脉搏率和血压略有升高。与同一天用药前基线相比，吸烟后两个量表上的阴性症状评分均显著降低，但吸活性烟与吸去尼古丁香烟的药物效果没有差异。这些结果表明，在该实验范式中，急性吸烟可减轻精神分裂症患者的阴性症状。未来的工作需要确定造成这种行为效应的机制。
