Eye movement disturbances in schizophrenia and a polymorphism of catechol-O-methyltransferase gene.

Previous studies suggested an association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val/Met polymorphism and the performance on neuropsychological tests, measuring prefrontal function in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between this polymorphism and performance on oculomotoric tests in schizophrenic patients. The intensity of eye movement disturbances on fixation and smooth pursuit tests and the Val/Met polymorphism of COMT gene were studied in 117 schizophrenic patients (74 male and 43 female). In male schizophrenic patients, the mean intensity of both kinds of eye movement disturbances was lower in subjects who had the Met/Met genotype, with significant difference compared to other genotypes. Also, a significantly higher frequency of the Met allele and the Met/Met genotype was found in male schizophrenic patients exhibiting a lower intensity of smooth pursuit disturbances, and a trend in this direction was observed for the intensity of fixation disturbances. No such relationship was found in female schizophrenic patients. The results obtained suggest that, in male schizophrenic patients the Met allele of the COMT Val/Met polymorphism may have an alleviating effect on eye movement disturbances. They also point to possible gender differences as to the role of COMT in brain function in schizophrenia.