Thorgaard Gary H, Bailey George S, Williams David, Buhler Donald R, Kaattari Stephen L, Ristow Sandra S, Hansen John D, Winton James R, Bartholomew Jerri L, Nagler James J, Walsh Patrick J, Vijayan Matt M, Devlin Robert H, Hardy Ronald W, Overturf Kenneth E, Young William P, Robison Barrie D, Rexroad Caird, Palti Yniv
School of Biological Sciences and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Dec;133(4):609-46. doi: 10.1016/s1096-4959(02)00167-7.
The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most widely studied of model fish species. Extensive basic biological information has been collected for this species, which because of their large size relative to other model fish species are particularly suitable for studies requiring ample quantities of specific cells and tissue types. Rainbow trout have been widely utilized for research in carcinogenesis, toxicology, comparative immunology, disease ecology, physiology and nutrition. They are distinctive in having evolved from a relatively recent tetraploid event, resulting in a high incidence of duplicated genes. Natural populations are available and have been well characterized for chromosomal, protein, molecular and quantitative genetic variation. Their ease of culture, and experimental and aquacultural significance has led to the development of clonal lines and the widespread application of transgenic technology to this species. Numerous microsatellites have been isolated and two relatively detailed genetic maps have been developed. Extensive sequencing of expressed sequence tags has begun and four BAC libraries have been developed. The development and analysis of additional genomic sequence data will provide distinctive opportunities to address problems in areas such as evolution of the immune system and duplicate genes.
虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）是研究最为广泛的模式鱼类之一。针对该物种已收集了大量基础生物学信息，由于其相对于其他模式鱼类体型较大，特别适合用于需要大量特定细胞和组织类型的研究。虹鳟已广泛应用于癌症发生、毒理学、比较免疫学、疾病生态学、生理学和营养等方面的研究。它们的独特之处在于由相对较新的四倍体事件进化而来，导致重复基因的发生率很高。有自然种群可供研究，并且在染色体、蛋白质、分子和数量遗传变异方面已有很好的特征描述。它们易于养殖，且具有实验和水产养殖意义，这促使了克隆系的发展以及转基因技术在该物种中的广泛应用。已分离出大量微卫星，并且绘制了两张相对详细的遗传图谱。已开始对表达序列标签进行广泛测序，并构建了四个细菌人工染色体文库。更多基因组序列数据的开发和分析将为解决免疫系统进化和重复基因等领域的问题提供独特机会。
