拉合尔农村妇女更年期的年龄、模式及症状

Yahya Samira, Rehan N

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute Lahore, PMRC Research Centre Fatima Jinnah Medical College Lahore.

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2002 Jul-Sep;14(3):9-12.

BACKGROUND

The occurrence and timing of reproduction-related events such as menarche, first birth and menopause play major roles in a woman's life. The age at final natural menstrual period is an important risk indicator for subsequent morbidity and mortality. However, the age of natural menopause and frequency of various menopausal symptoms differ in different societies. The concept of "local biologies" has been put forward to account for such inter-societal and intrasocietal differences. The present study was undertaken to explore the age at menopause and symptom complex associated with menopause.

METHODS

The data for this cross-sectional study were collected from a geographically defined rural population of 28,419 individuals living in 20 villages situated about 30 KM outside Lahore. A systematic random sample of 130 women was drawn from those 1337 women, who had reached natural menopause. In-depth interviews were conducted in local dialect.

RESULTS

The mean age at menopause was 49 +/- 3.6 years; the median being 50 years. The majority of women (22.3%) reached menopause at 50 years followed by 13.9%, who became menopausal at 49 years. In 66.2% cases, the onset of menopause was sudden. Among those, who had a gradual transition, the duration of climacteric ranged from 2 to 30 months. The symptoms associated with menopause were lethargy (65.4%), forgetfulness (57.7%), urinary symptoms (56.2%), agitation (50.8%), depression (38.5%), insomnia (38.5%) hot flushes (36.2%) and dysparunea (16.9%).

CONCLUSIONS

The median age of menopause in our study is lower than that reported for Caucasian, Thai and Malaysian women; similar to figures from Africa and South America; but higher than that reported from Iran, Egypt, Turkey and UAE. The frequency of various symptoms was comparatively lower than observed among Caucasian populations. The data highlights the need for studying 'local biologies' and understanding the social and cultural basis of these differences.

背景

月经初潮、首次生育和绝经等与生殖相关事件的发生及时间在女性生活中起着重要作用。最终自然绝经年龄是后续发病和死亡的重要风险指标。然而，自然绝经年龄及各种绝经症状的发生率在不同社会中存在差异。“局部生物学”概念已被提出以解释这种社会间和社会内的差异。本研究旨在探讨绝经年龄及与绝经相关的症状复合体。

方法

本横断面研究的数据收集自拉合尔市外约30公里处20个村庄的28419名地理界定的农村人口。从1337名已自然绝经的女性中系统随机抽取130名女性。采用当地方言进行深入访谈。

结果

绝经平均年龄为49±3.6岁；中位数为50岁。大多数女性（22.3%）在50岁绝经，其次是13.9%在49岁绝经。66.2%的病例绝经 onset为突然。在那些有逐渐过渡的女性中,更年期持续时间为2至30个月｡与绝经相关的症状有乏力（65.4%）、健忘（57.7%）、泌尿系统症状（56.2%）、激动（50.8%）、抑郁（38.5%）、失眠（38.5%）、潮热（36.2%）和性交困难（16.9%）。