Boll I
Blut. 1976 Feb;32(2):115-30. doi: 10.1007/BF00995938.
The myeloblast is nearly of the same size as the lymphozyte and has the same nucleus cytoplasma ratio of 0.7 but differs from it in its morphology, its high frequency of multiplication, and by its kinetic behaviour. By phase contrast observation the transformation of the myeloblast into the promyelocyte has been seen several times. The myeloblast like the lymphocyte is able to move although at a much slower speed. By locomotion the myeloblast, and likewise the lymphocyte can move between blood and bone marrow. Of the granulocytopoietic series only the promyelocyte and the myelocyte with their nuclear cytoplasm relation of 0.3 are found in the bone marrow. The monoblast but is about twice its size, and moves less often. Apart from its transformation into promonocyte, monocyte and histiocyte, the monoblast may evalue in another way: it grows into a cell of doubled size with the same nucleus cytoplasm ratio 0.7 in whose cytoplasm are seen a lot of big granules. The cell may now be characterized as a tissue macrophage or mastcell. In consequence a frequently multiplying basophilic cell with a coarse nuclear structure and nucleoli, grows from a diameter of 6.5 to one of 13.0 mum without marked morphologic change apart from becoming alpha-NA-Esterase positive and acquiring big lysosomes. When this haemocytoblast is small (K 1/4 to K 1/2), it can be triggered into the granulocytopoietic series, when it is bigger (K 1/2 to K1) into the monocytopoietic series, or in the size K1 to K2 by erythropoietin into the erythropoietic series. If no triggering takes place, the cell degenerates after having granulated. The lymphopoietic system is not connected to this system of stem cells committed to the granulocytopoietic, the monocytopoietic and the erythropoietic series. Therefore we postulate a dual haematopoietic system. In acute leukemias the spread of size of cells and nuclei is wider and kinetically active stem cells are rarer. Only leukemic promyelocytes are in locomotion vividly, in contrast to the normal ones. In leukemic myeloblasts there are fewer mitoses than in normal ones, but in leukemic promyelocytes and monoblasts the mitotic frequency is not reduced.
原粒细胞大小与淋巴细胞相近，核质比均为0.7，但在形态、增殖频率和动力学行为方面有所不同。通过相差显微镜观察，多次看到原粒细胞向早幼粒细胞的转变。原粒细胞和淋巴细胞一样能够移动，尽管速度要慢得多。通过移动，原粒细胞以及淋巴细胞可以在血液和骨髓之间穿梭。在粒细胞生成系列中，只有早幼粒细胞和中幼粒细胞的核质比为0.3，存在于骨髓中。原单核细胞的大小约为其两倍，移动频率较低。除了转变为幼单核细胞、单核细胞和组织细胞外，原单核细胞还可能以另一种方式演变：它生长成为一个大小翻倍、核质比仍为0.7的细胞，其细胞质中可见许多大颗粒。这个细胞现在可被描述为组织巨噬细胞或肥大细胞。因此，一个增殖频繁、具有粗糙核结构和核仁的嗜碱性细胞，直径从6.5μm长到13.0μm，除了变为α-萘酚酯酶阳性并获得大的溶酶体外，没有明显的形态变化。当这个造血干细胞较小时（K 1/4至K 1/2），它可以被触发进入粒细胞生成系列；当它较大时（K 1/2至K1），进入单核细胞生成系列；或者在大小为K1至K2时，通过促红细胞生成素进入红细胞生成系列。如果没有触发，细胞在颗粒化后会退化。淋巴细胞生成系统与这个致力于粒细胞生成、单核细胞生成和红细胞生成系列的干细胞系统没有联系。因此，我们推测存在一个双造血系统。在急性白血病中，细胞和细胞核大小的分布范围更广，具有动力学活性的干细胞更罕见。与正常早幼粒细胞相比，只有白血病早幼粒细胞活跃地移动。白血病原粒细胞中的有丝分裂比正常的少，但白血病早幼粒细胞和原单核细胞中的有丝分裂频率没有降低。
