Endoscopic management of vesicoureteral reflux: does it stand the test of time?

Endoscopic subureteral injection of tissue-augmenting substances, a 15-minute outpatient procedure has become an alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical intervention in the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children. This paper reviews the long-term results of endoscopic treatment of reflux using various tissue-augmenting substances presently available. In terms of effectiveness and long-term successful results, polytetrafluoroethylene is still the most reliable injectable material for the endoscopic treatment of VUR.