Murphy G P
Cancer. 1976 Jan;37(1 suppl):589-96. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197601)37:1+<589::aid-cncr2820370725>3.0.co;2-2.
The diagnosis and detection of genitourinary cancer covers a broad range of physical signs and instrumental observations which are not necessarily diagnostic. The primary diagnosis in most entities remains dependent upon histologic confirmation. Adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the most common, and at times, most difficult urogenital cancer to diagnose and detect. Many newer techniques today are designed to evaluate the stage of disease, and to detect heretofore occult metastatic foci. Immunologic assays may be of future prognostic value.
泌尿生殖系统癌症的诊断和检测涵盖了广泛的体征和仪器检查结果，但这些不一定具有诊断性。大多数实体肿瘤的初步诊断仍依赖于组织学确认。前列腺腺癌是最常见的，有时也是最难诊断和检测的泌尿生殖系统癌症。如今许多新技术旨在评估疾病分期，并检测此前隐匿的转移灶。免疫测定可能具有未来的预后价值。
