Wooldridge Anne A, Eades Susan C, Hosgood Giselle L, Moore Rustin M
Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 2002 Dec;63(12):1738-44. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.1738.
To compare effects of oxytocin, acepromazine maleate, xylazine hydrochloride-butorphanol tartrate, guaifenesin, and detomidine hydrochloride on esophageal manometric pressure in horses.
8 healthy adult horses.
A nasogastric tube, modified with 3 polyethylene tubes that exited at the postpharyngeal area, thoracic inlet, and distal portion of the esophagus, was fitted for each horse. Amplitude, duration, and rate of propagation of pressure waveforms induced by swallows were measured at 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes after administration of oxytocin, detomidine, acepromazine, xylazine-butorphanol, guaifenesin, or saline (0.9% NaCI) solution. Number of spontaneous swallows, spontaneous events (contractions that occurred in the absence of a swallow stimulus), and high-pressure events (sustained increases in baseline pressure of > 10 mm Hg) were compared before and after drug adminision.
At 5 minutes after administration, detomidine increased waveform amplitude and decreased waveform duration at the thoracic inlet. At 10 minutes after administration, detomidine increased waveform duration at the thoracic inlet. Acepromazine administration increased the number of spontaneous events at the thoracic inlet and distal portion of the esophagus. Acepromazine and detomidine administration increased the number of high-pressure events at the thoracic inlet. Guaifenesin administration increased the number of spontaneous events at the thoracic inlet. Xylazine-butorphanol, detomidine, acepromazine, and guaifenesin administration decreased the number of spontaneous swallows.
Detomidine, acepromazine, and a combination of xylazine butorphanol had the greatest effect on esophageal motility when evaluated manometrically. Reduction in spontaneous swallowing and changes in normal, coordinated peristaltic activity are the most clinically relevant effects.
比较催产素、马来酸乙酰丙嗪、盐酸赛拉嗪-酒石酸布托啡诺、愈创甘油醚和盐酸右美托咪定对马食管测压压力的影响。
8匹健康成年马。
为每匹马安装一根经改良的鼻胃管，该鼻胃管带有3根在咽后区域、胸廓入口和食管远端穿出的聚乙烯管。在给予催产素、右美托咪定、乙酰丙嗪、赛拉嗪-布托啡诺、愈创甘油醚或生理盐水（0.9%氯化钠）溶液后5、10、20、30和40分钟，测量吞咽引起的压力波形的幅度、持续时间和传播速率。比较给药前后的自发吞咽次数、自发事件（在无吞咽刺激时发生的收缩）和高压事件（基线压力持续升高>10 mmHg）。
给药后5分钟，右美托咪定增加了胸廓入口处的波形幅度并缩短了波形持续时间。给药后10分钟，右美托咪定增加了胸廓入口处的波形持续时间。给予乙酰丙嗪增加了胸廓入口和食管远端的自发事件数量。给予乙酰丙嗪和右美托咪定增加了胸廓入口处的高压事件数量。给予愈创甘油醚增加了胸廓入口处的自发事件数量。给予赛拉嗪-布托啡诺、右美托咪定、乙酰丙嗪和愈创甘油醚减少了自发吞咽次数。
通过测压评估时，右美托咪定、乙酰丙嗪以及赛拉嗪-布托啡诺组合对食管动力的影响最大。自发吞咽减少以及正常协调蠕动活动的改变是最具临床意义的影响。
