Rival Christina, Olivier Isabelle, Ceyte Hadrien
Laboratoire Sport et Performance Motrice, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France.
Neurosci Lett. 2003 Jan 9;336(1):65-9. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)01246-6.
The present experiment examined in a visuo-manual task the effects of verbal instructions on the speed/accuracy trade-off across children aged 6, 8 and 10 years and adults. Three different verbal instructions (speed, accuracy and speed-accuracy) had to be respected to perform a pointing task. Analysis of reaction time (RT), movement time (MT) and percentage of targets reach showed that: (1) whatever the age, children were able to comply with the verbal instructions to adapt the velocity and/or the precision of their response (initiation and movement execution); (2) the main age-related difference of the speed-accuracy trade-off concerned the temporal (MT) but not the accuracy (targets reach) characteristics of the pointing movements; and (3) in the older children and even more precisely in adults, a temporal deficit was observed when the accuracy of aiming was required. This deficit increased as accuracy increased. These results were discussed within the theoretical frameworks of the developmental speed processing model proposed by Kail [Psychol. Bull., 109(3) (1991) 490-501] for RT data, and the speed-accuracy trade-off model proposed by Pachella [Pachella, R.G., The interpretation of reaction time in information-processing research, in, Kantowitz, B. (ed) Human Information Processing: Tutorial in Performance and Recognition, Erlbaum, (1974) 41-82] for MT and targets reach data.
本实验在一项视觉-手动任务中，研究了言语指令对6岁、8岁、10岁儿童以及成人在速度/准确性权衡方面的影响。在执行一项指向任务时，必须遵循三种不同的言语指令（速度、准确性和速度-准确性）。对反应时间（RT）、运动时间（MT）和目标到达百分比的分析表明：（1）无论年龄大小，儿童都能够遵循言语指令来调整其反应的速度和/或精度（启动和运动执行）；（2）速度-准确性权衡中与年龄相关的主要差异涉及指向动作的时间（MT）特征，而非准确性（目标到达）特征；（3）在年龄较大的儿童中，甚至更确切地说是在成人中，当需要瞄准准确性时，会观察到时间上的不足。这种不足随着准确性的提高而增加。这些结果在Kail [《心理学公报》，109(3) (1991) 490 - 501] 提出的用于RT数据的发展速度加工模型，以及Pachella [Pachella, R.G., 《信息处理研究中反应时间的解释》，载于Kantowitz, B. (编) 《人类信息处理：性能与识别教程》，埃尔布拉姆，(1974) 41 - 82] 提出的用于MT和目标到达数据的速度-准确性权衡模型这些理论框架内进行了讨论。
