Schwartz G M, Hoffman H S, Stitt C L, Marsh R R
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1976 Jan;2(1):28-37. doi: 10.1037//0097-7403.2.1.28.
Male hooded and albino rats were exposed to a light flash followed at various temporal intervals by a startle-eliciting 117 db. (re 20 muN/m2) burst of white noise. The visual stimulus engendered startle response inhibition (maximally when the lead time was 64-250 msec) as well as startle response latency reduction (maximally when the lead time was 2-8 msec). The temporal functions for the effects of visual stimuli paralleled those previously reported for startle modification by acoustic events. Further study revealed that, given optimal lead times, inhibition is produced reliably by weaker visual stimuli (3 X 10-6 cd-sec/cm2) than latency reduction (3 X 10-4 cd-sec/cm2). This differential sensitivity to visual stimuli is also analogous to previously reported findings for events in the acoustic environment. It reveals that the neural mechanisms that mediate latency reduction and inhibition can be engaged by either acoustic or visual stimulation.
将雄性带帽大鼠和白化大鼠暴露于一次闪光下，随后在不同的时间间隔施加引发惊吓的117分贝（相对于20微牛顿/平方米）白噪声脉冲。视觉刺激产生了惊吓反应抑制（当超前时间为64 - 250毫秒时抑制作用最大）以及惊吓反应潜伏期缩短（当超前时间为2 - 8毫秒时缩短作用最大）。视觉刺激效果的时间函数与先前报道的声音事件对惊吓调节的时间函数相似。进一步研究表明，在最佳超前时间下，较弱的视觉刺激（3×10⁻⁶坎德拉·秒/平方厘米）比潜伏期缩短（3×10⁻⁴坎德拉·秒/平方厘米）能更可靠地产生抑制作用。这种对视觉刺激的不同敏感性也类似于先前报道的声学环境中事件的研究结果。这表明介导潜伏期缩短和抑制的神经机制可被声音或视觉刺激激活。
