Yellin H
Anat Rec. 1975 Aug;182(4):479-97. doi: 10.1002/ar.1091820407.
Muscle fibers of the sternomastoid and the tongue of the rat were characterized histochemically according to mitochondrial distribution (succinic dehydrogenase), as well as reactivity for the alkali- and acid-stabile "myofibrillar" adenosine triphosphatases. The principal fiber types of the sternomastoid was the large, "white" AalphabetaM fibers and the smaller, "intermediate" BbetaD and "red CalphaL fibers (figs. 1, 2, 3). The unusual musculature of the tongue was populated by diminutive AalphaM and CalphaM fibers, and variants thereof; all with relatively high mitochondrial content (figs. 4, 5, 6). Reinnervation of the sternomastoid muscle by the hypoglossal nerve caused most fibers of the sternomastoid to assume histochemical profiles reminiscent of those commonly observed in the tongue. However, the BbetaD fibers of the sternomastoid persisted in near usual numbers and disposition (fig. 17), despite their reinnervation by a nerve normally destined for a muscle lacking that particular fiber type. Thus, there are as yet unrecognized factors, possibly of neural origin, though more likely of muscle origin (genetic), that impose restrictions on the metabolism-regulating functions of substitute motoneurons.
根据线粒体分布（琥珀酸脱氢酶）以及对碱稳定和酸稳定的“肌原纤维”三磷酸腺苷酶的反应性，对大鼠胸锁乳突肌和舌肌的肌纤维进行了组织化学特征分析。胸锁乳突肌的主要纤维类型是大型的“白色”AαβM纤维以及较小的“中间型”BβD和“红色”CαL纤维（图1、2、3）。舌部特殊的肌肉组织由小型的AαM和CαM纤维及其变体组成；所有这些纤维的线粒体含量都相对较高（图4、5、6）。舌下神经对胸锁乳突肌的再支配使胸锁乳突肌的大多数纤维呈现出类似于在舌部常见的组织化学特征。然而，胸锁乳突肌的BβD纤维数量和分布仍接近正常，尽管它们是由通常支配缺乏该特定纤维类型的肌肉的神经进行再支配的（图17）。因此，存在一些尚未被认识的因素，可能源于神经，但更可能源于肌肉（遗传），这些因素对替代运动神经元的代谢调节功能施加了限制。
