Linberg Kenneth A, Sakai Tsutomu, Lewis Geoffrey P, Fisher Steven K
Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106-5060, USA.
Vis Neurosci. 2002 Sep-Oct;19(5):603-19. doi: 10.1017/s095252380219506x.
The cellular responses of the cone-dominant ground squirrel retina to retinal detachment were examined and compared to those in rod-dominant species. Retinal detachments were made in California ground squirrels. The retinas were prepared for light, electron, and confocal microscopy. Tissue sections were labeled with antibodies to cone opsins, rod opsin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, synaptophysin, cytochrome oxidase, and calbindin D 28K. Wax sections were probed with the MIB-1 antibody to detect proliferating cells. By 10 h postdetachment many photoreceptor cells in the ground squirrel already show structural signs of apoptosis. At 1 day many photoreceptors have collapsed inner segments (IS), yet others still have short stacks of outer segment discs. At 3 days there is a marked increase in the number of dying photoreceptors. Rod and medium-/long-wavelength opsins are redistributed in the cell membrane to their synaptic terminals. At 7 days photoreceptor cell death has slowed. Some regions of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) have few photoreceptor somata. IS remnants are rare on surviving photoreceptors. At 28 days these trends are even more dramatic. Retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells do not expand into the subretinal space. The outer limiting membrane (OLM) appears flat and uninterrupted. Müller cells remain remarkably unreactive; they show essentially no proliferation, only negligible hypertrophy, and there is no increase in their expression of GFAP or vimentin. Horizontal cells show no dendritic sprouting in response to detachment. The speed and extent of photoreceptor degeneration in response to detachment is greater in ground squirrel than in cat retina-only a small number of rods and cones survive at 28 days of detachment. Moreover, the almost total lack of Müller cell and RPE reactivity in the ground squirrel retina is a significant difference from results in other species.
研究了以视锥细胞为主的地松鼠视网膜对视网膜脱离的细胞反应，并与以视杆细胞为主的物种进行了比较。对加利福尼亚地松鼠进行视网膜脱离手术。将视网膜制备用于光镜、电镜和共聚焦显微镜检查。组织切片用针对视锥视蛋白、视杆视蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）、波形蛋白、突触素、细胞色素氧化酶和钙结合蛋白D 28K的抗体进行标记。用MIB-1抗体检测石蜡切片中的增殖细胞。视网膜脱离后10小时，地松鼠的许多光感受器细胞已显示出凋亡的结构迹象。1天时，许多光感受器的内段（IS）塌陷，而其他光感受器仍有短的外段盘堆叠。3天时，死亡的光感受器数量显著增加。视杆和中/长波长视蛋白在细胞膜中重新分布到它们的突触终末。7天时，光感受器细胞死亡减缓。外核层（ONL）的一些区域光感受器胞体很少。存活的光感受器上很少有IS残余物。28天时，这些趋势更加明显。视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞不会扩展到视网膜下间隙。外限制膜（OLM）看起来平坦且连续。Müller细胞仍然非常不活跃；它们基本上没有增殖，只有可忽略不计的肥大，并且它们的GFAP或波形蛋白表达没有增加。水平细胞对脱离没有树突发芽反应。与猫视网膜相比，地松鼠视网膜对脱离的光感受器退化速度和程度更大——视网膜脱离28天时只有少数视杆和视锥细胞存活。此外，地松鼠视网膜中几乎完全缺乏Müller细胞和RPE反应性，这与其他物种的结果有显著差异。
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