Alpert M, Rubinstein H, Kesselman M
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1976 Apr;162(4):258-65. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197604000-00004.
In previous work we had developed evidence suggesting that hallucinating schizophrenics differ from nonhallucinators in the pattern of errors made in a shadowing task. Non hallucinators appeared to be less willing to guess when they were unsure. The errors of the hallucinators seemed more semantically elaborate. The experiment had not been designed to study these factors and the current experiment was conducted using a technique reported by Pisoni et al. These workers had studied normal Ss in an immediate recall task, using semantically well integrated (SWI) or poorly integrated (SPI) sentences. Pisoni et al. had shown that right ear presentation produced more accurate recall of SWI as compared to SPI sentences, whereas left ear presentation failed to discriminate these sentences. Utilizing the methods of Pisoni et al., we replicated their findings in a normal control group. The results from our hallucinating and nonhallucinating groups were different from each other, the nonhallucinators being less accurate, discriminating semantic integration level on left rather than right ear input, and making more fragmented errors. Little support could be found for attributing this pattern of performance to nonspecific aspects of the procedures. It appears that the nonhallucinators process information differently from hallucinators. These differences may reflect alterations in language development. It is speculated that such differences might be consistent with interference with the development of brain asymmetry.
在之前的研究中，我们已收集到证据表明，在跟读任务中出现错误的模式方面，产生幻觉的精神分裂症患者与未产生幻觉的患者存在差异。未产生幻觉的患者在不确定时似乎不太愿意猜测。产生幻觉的患者所犯的错误在语义上似乎更为精细。之前的实验并非旨在研究这些因素，而当前的实验是采用皮索尼等人报告的一项技术进行的。这些研究人员在一项即时回忆任务中对正常受试者进行了研究，使用的是语义整合良好（SWI）或整合不佳（SPI）的句子。皮索尼等人已表明，与SPI句子相比，右耳呈现能使SWI句子的回忆更准确，而左耳呈现则无法区分这些句子。我们采用皮索尼等人的方法，在一个正常对照组中重复了他们的研究结果。我们的幻觉组和非幻觉组的结果互不相同，未产生幻觉的患者在左耳输入而非右耳输入时区分语义整合水平的准确性较低，且所犯的错误更为零散。几乎找不到证据支持将这种表现模式归因于实验程序的非特异性方面。看起来未产生幻觉的患者处理信息的方式与产生幻觉的患者不同。这些差异可能反映了语言发展的改变。据推测，这种差异可能与大脑不对称发育受到干扰有关。
