Weiss W
J Occup Med. 1976 Mar;18(3):194-9. doi: 10.1097/00043764-197603000-00014.
Beginning in 1963 a 10-year prospective study of 125 chemical workers was carried out by periodic screening for five years and follow-up for an additional five years. Eighty-eight men were exposed to chloromethyl ethers in varying cumulative doses estimates by retrospective rating. They were divided into three groups by degree of exposure. Age distribution was similar in all groups but the proportion of current heavy cigarette smokers at the start of observation decreased with increasing chemical exposure. The prevalence of chronic cough showed a dose-response relationship to both smoking and chemical exposure. The end-expiratory flow rate was below 60% of predicted in about one-third of the exposed men compared to only 6% of unexposed men and the frequency of such low rates was dose-related to cigarette smoking. During the five-year periodic screening study the prevalence of chronic cough decreased and the prevalence of dyspnea increased while chemical exposure was falling. The 10-year incidence of lung cancer was dose-related to chemical exposure but inversely related to smoking habits. All cancers were small-cell carcinomas, occurred in men younger than 55, and had an induction-latent period of 10 to 24 years. The 10-year mortality rate in this group of workers was 2.7 times expected and lung cancer accounted for the excess number of deaths.
从1963年开始，对125名化学工人进行了为期10年的前瞻性研究，其中5年进行定期筛查，另外5年进行随访。通过回顾性评级估计，88名男性接触了不同累积剂量的氯甲醚。根据接触程度将他们分为三组。所有组的年龄分布相似，但观察开始时当前重度吸烟者的比例随着化学接触的增加而降低。慢性咳嗽的患病率与吸烟和化学接触均呈剂量反应关系。约三分之一接触者的呼气末流速低于预测值的60%，而未接触者中这一比例仅为6%，且这种低流速的频率与吸烟呈剂量相关。在为期5年的定期筛查研究中，随着化学接触的减少，慢性咳嗽的患病率下降，呼吸困难的患病率上升。肺癌的10年发病率与化学接触呈剂量相关，但与吸烟习惯呈负相关。所有癌症均为小细胞癌，发生在55岁以下的男性中，诱导潜伏期为10至24年。这组工人的10年死亡率是预期的2.7倍，肺癌是导致死亡人数过多的原因。
