Tabain Marija
Institut de la Communication Parlée, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 46, avenue Félix Viallet, 38031 Grenoble, France.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2003 Jan;113(1):516-31. doi: 10.1121/1.1523390.
This study presents various acoustic measures used to examine the sequence /a # C/, where "#" represents different prosodic boundaries in French. The 6 consonants studied are /b d g f s S/ (3 stops and 3 fricatives). The prosodic units investigated are the utterance, the intonational phrase, the accentual phrase, and the word. It is found that vowel target values, formant transitions into the stop consonant, and the rate of change in spectral tilt into the fricative, are affected by the strength of the prosodic boundary. F1 becomes higher for /a/ the stronger the prosodic boundary, with the exception of one speaker's utterance data, which show the effects of articulatory declension at the utterance level. Various effects of the stop consonant context are observed, the most notable being a tendency for the vowel /a/ to be displaced in the direction of the F2 consonant "locus" for /d/ (the F2 consonant values for which remain relatively stable across prosodic boundaries) and for /g/ (the F2 consonant values for which are displaced in the direction of the velar locus in weaker prosodic boundaries, together with those of the vowel). Velocity of formant transition may be affected by prosodic boundary (with greater velocity at weaker boundaries), though results are not consistent across speakers. There is also a tendency for the rate of change in spectral tilt moving from the vowel to the fricative to be affected by the presence of a prosodic boundary, with a greater rate of change at the weaker prosodic boundaries. It is suggested that spectral cues, in addition to duration, amplitude, and F0 cues, may alert listeners to the presence of a prosodic boundary.
本研究展示了用于考察序列/a # C/的各种声学测量方法，其中“#”代表法语中不同的韵律边界。所研究的6个辅音为/b d g f s S/（3个塞音和3个擦音）。所考察的韵律单位有话语、语调短语、重音短语和单词。研究发现，元音目标值、向塞音的共振峰过渡以及向擦音的频谱倾斜变化率，均受韵律边界强度的影响。对于/a/，韵律边界越强，F1越高，但有一位说话者的话语数据除外，这些数据显示了话语层面发音递减的影响。观察到了塞音语境的各种影响，最显著的是元音/a/有向/d/（其F2辅音值在韵律边界间相对稳定）和/g/（其F2辅音值在较弱韵律边界中向软腭位置移动，元音也是如此）的F2辅音“轨迹”方向移动的趋势。共振峰过渡速度可能受韵律边界影响（较弱边界处速度更快），不过不同说话者的结果并不一致。从元音到擦音的频谱倾斜变化率也有受韵律边界影响的趋势，较弱韵律边界处变化率更大。研究表明，除时长、振幅和F0线索外，频谱线索可能会让听众注意到韵律边界的存在。
