Robbins T W, Everitt B J
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2002 Nov;78(3):625-36. doi: 10.1006/nlme.2002.4103.
Drug addiction can be understood as a pathological subversion of normal brain learning and memory processes strengthened by the motivational impact of drug-associated stimuli, leading to the establishment of compulsive drug-seeking habits. Such habits evolve through a cascade of complex associative processes with Pavlovian and instrumental components that may depend on the integration and coordination of output from several somewhat independent neural systems of learning and memory, each contributing to behavioral performance. Data are reviewed that help to define the influences of conditioned Pavlovian stimuli on goal-directed behavior via sign-tracking, motivational arousal, and conditioned reinforcement. Such influences are mediated via defined corticolimbic-striatal systems converging on the ventral striatum and driving habit-based learning that may depend on the dorsal striatum. These systems include separate and overlapping influences from the amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex on drug-seeking as well as drug-taking behavior, including the propensity to relapse.
药物成瘾可被理解为正常大脑学习和记忆过程的病理性颠覆，这种颠覆因与药物相关刺激的动机性影响而强化，导致强迫性觅药习惯的形成。此类习惯通过一系列具有巴甫洛夫式和工具性成分的复杂联想过程演变而来，这些过程可能依赖于几个相对独立的学习和记忆神经系统输出的整合与协调，每个系统都对行为表现有所贡献。本文综述了相关数据，这些数据有助于通过信号追踪、动机唤醒和条件强化来界定条件性巴甫洛夫刺激对目标导向行为的影响。此类影响通过汇聚于腹侧纹状体并驱动可能依赖于背侧纹状体的基于习惯的学习的特定皮质边缘 - 纹状体系统介导。这些系统包括杏仁核、海马体、扣带回和内侧前额叶皮质对觅药以及服药行为（包括复发倾向）的单独和重叠影响。
