Wilson John W, Kotsimbos Tom
Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran 3181, Australia.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2003 Mar;3(2):153-8. doi: 10.1007/s11882-003-0028-3.
Several characteristic changes occur in the bronchial wall in asthma, including specific changes to the vasculature. These result in an increase in vessel numbers per unit area, as well as increased vessel activity suggested by vasodilatation, vessel leakage, and cellular margination with transmigration to target tissues. This combined action in asthma leads to airway-wall thickening and reduced airflow. Each component of the vascular response has been shown to be controlled by a range of inflammatory mediators and growth factors. These factors are themselves regulated by a complex process initially involving gene expression, transcription, and translation at the molecular level, then subsequent protein release, binding to matrix elements, endothelial cell activation, and a proliferative endothelial response. Many commonly used airway medications are capable of modulating the vascular response to inflammatory stimuli. New therapies might improve airflow through better regulation of vessel growth, dilatation, and leakage in the airway wall.
哮喘患者的支气管壁会出现几种特征性变化，包括血管系统的特定变化。这些变化导致单位面积内血管数量增加，同时血管舒张、血管渗漏以及细胞边缘化并迁移至靶组织等现象表明血管活性增强。哮喘中的这些联合作用会导致气道壁增厚和气流减少。血管反应的每个组成部分都已被证明受一系列炎症介质和生长因子的控制。这些因子本身受一个复杂过程的调节，该过程最初涉及分子水平的基因表达、转录和翻译，随后是蛋白质释放、与基质成分结合、内皮细胞活化以及内皮细胞增殖反应。许多常用的气道药物能够调节血管对炎症刺激的反应。新的疗法可能通过更好地调节气道壁血管的生长、舒张和渗漏来改善气流。
