Winful Herbert G
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2122, USA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2003 Jan 17;90(2):023901. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.023901.
We show that the distortionless tunneling of electromagnetic pulses through a barrier is a quasistatic process in which the slowly varying envelope of the incident pulse modulates the amplitude of a standing wave. For pulses longer than the barrier width, the barrier acts as a lumped element with respect to the pulse envelope. The envelopes of the transmitted and reflected fields can adiabatically follow the incident pulse with only a small delay that originates from energy storage. The theory presented here provides a physical explanation of the tunneling process and resolves the mystery of apparent superluminality.
我们表明，电磁脉冲通过势垒的无失真隧穿是一个准静态过程，其中入射脉冲的缓慢变化包络调制驻波的幅度。对于长度大于势垒宽度的脉冲，势垒相对于脉冲包络起到集总元件的作用。透射场和反射场的包络可以绝热地跟随入射脉冲，仅存在源于能量存储的小延迟。这里提出的理论为隧穿过程提供了物理解释，并解决了明显超光速的谜团。
