Kerr A A
Thorax. 1976 Feb;31(1):63-9. doi: 10.1136/thx.31.1.63.
Anatomical dead space was measured in 72 normal children aged from 5 to 16 years, using the single breath method. There was a linear increase in this measurement with height, weight, and end-inspiratory lung volume. Physiological dead space was measured in 52 normal children using the Bohr equation and substituting a rebreathing PCO2 for alveolar PCO2. There was a parallel increase in this measurement with height, weight, and end-inspiratory lung volume. The difference between the two dead space measurements constitutes the alveolar dead space and was constant over the whole age range at 45 +/- 22 ml. The ratio of physiological dead space to tidal volume was 33-6 +/-4-6% and was unaltered by age or change in lung volume. The effect of airways obstruction on the dead space volumes was studied in 36 children with asthma and 28 with cystic fibrosis. Physiological dead space increased with increasing airways obstruction. Anatomical dead space remained constant in spite of marked increases in lung volume associated with the airways obstruction.
采用单次呼吸法对72名5至16岁的正常儿童进行了解剖死腔测量。该测量值随身高、体重和吸气末肺容量呈线性增加。采用玻尔方程并以重复呼吸时的PCO2替代肺泡PCO2，对52名正常儿童进行了生理死腔测量。该测量值同样随身高、体重和吸气末肺容量呈平行增加。两种死腔测量值之间的差值构成肺泡死腔，在整个年龄范围内保持恒定，为45±22毫升。生理死腔与潮气量的比值为33.6±4.6%，不受年龄或肺容量变化的影响。对36名哮喘儿童和28名囊性纤维化儿童进行了气道阻塞对死腔容量影响的研究。生理死腔随气道阻塞加重而增加。尽管气道阻塞导致肺容量显著增加，但解剖死腔保持不变。
