Salisbury F B, Campbell W F, Carman J G, Bingham G E, Bubenheim D L, Yendler B, Sytchev V, Levinskikh M A, Ivanova I, Chernova L, Podolsky I
Department of Plants, Soils, & Biometeorology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA.
Adv Space Res. 2003;31(1):221-7. doi: 10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00744-5.
We carried out three experiments with Super Dwarf wheat in the Bulgarian/Russian growth chamber Svet (0.1 m2 growing area) on the Space Station Mir. This paper mostly describes the first of these NASA-supported trials, began on Aug. 13, 1995. Plants were sampled five times and harvested on Nov. 9 after 90 days. Equipment failures led to low irradiance (3, then 4 of 6 lamp sets failed), instances of high temperatures (ca. 37 degrees C), and sometimes excessive substrate moisture. Although plants grew for the 90 d, no wheat heads were produced. Considering the low light levels, plants were surprisingly green, but of course biomass production was low. Plants were highly disoriented (low light, mirror walls?). Fixed and dried samples and the root module were returned on the U.S. Shuttle Atlantis on Nov. 20, 1995. Samples of the substrate, a nutrient-charged zeolite called Balkanine, were taken from the root module, carefully examined for roots, weighed, dried, and reweighed. The Svet control unit and the light bank were shipped to Moscow. An experiment validation test (EVT) of plant growth and experimental procedures, carried out in Moscow, was highly successful. Equipment built in Utah to measure CO2, H2O vapor, irradiance, air and leaf (IR) temperature, O2, pressure, and substrate moisture worked well in the EVT and in space. After this manuscript was first prepared, plants were grown in Mir with a new light bank and controller for 123 d in late 1996 and 39 days in 1996/1997. Plants grew exceptionally well with higher biomass production than in any previous space experiment, but the ca. 280 wheat heads that were produced in 1996 contained no seeds. Ethylene in the cabin atmosphere was responsible.
我们在和平号空间站上的保加利亚/俄罗斯生长舱Svet（种植面积0.1平方米）中对超级矮秆小麦进行了三项实验。本文主要描述了这些由美国国家航空航天局支持的试验中的第一个，该试验于1995年8月13日开始。对植物进行了五次采样，并在90天后的11月9日进行收获。设备故障导致光照不足（6套灯具中的3套，然后是4套出现故障）、出现高温情况（约37摄氏度），并且有时基质水分过多。尽管植物生长了90天，但没有结出麦穗。考虑到光照水平较低，植物却出奇地绿，但生物量产量当然很低。植物高度迷失方向（光照不足、舱壁反光？）。固定和干燥后的样本以及根系模块于1995年11月20日由美国亚特兰蒂斯号航天飞机带回。从根系模块中取出基质样本，一种名为巴尔干宁的富含养分的沸石，仔细检查是否有根系，称重、干燥，然后再次称重。Svet控制单元和灯组被运往莫斯科。在莫斯科进行的植物生长和实验程序的实验验证测试（EVT）非常成功。在犹他州制造的用于测量二氧化碳、水蒸气、光照、空气和叶片（红外）温度、氧气、压力以及基质水分的设备在EVT和太空中运行良好。在这份手稿首次编写之后，1996年末在和平号空间站中使用新的灯组和控制器种植植物123天，1996/1997年种植39天。植物生长得非常好，生物量产量高于以往任何一次太空实验，但1996年结出的约280个麦穗中没有种子。这是由舱内大气中的乙烯造成的。
