Zhou Fu-Ming, Wilson Charles, Dani John A
Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-3498, USA.
Neuroscientist. 2003 Feb;9(1):23-36. doi: 10.1177/1073858402239588.
The striatum and its dense dopaminergic innervation originating in the midbrain, primarily from the substantia nigra pars compacta and the ventral tegmental area, compose the mesostriatal dopamine (DA) systems. The nigrostriatal system is involved mainly in motor coordination and in disorders such as Tourette's syndrome, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. The dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area to the striatum participate more in the processes that shape behaviors leading to reward, and addictive drugs act upon this mesolimbic system. The midbrain DA areas receive cholinergic innervation from the pedunculopontine tegmentum and the laterodorsal pontine tegmentum, whereas the striatum receives dense cholinergic innervation from local interneurons. The various neurons of the mesostriatal systems express multiple types of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as well as DA receptors. Especially in the striatum, the dense mingling of dopaminergic and cholinergic constituents enables potent interactions. Evidence indicates that cholinergic and dopaminergic systems work together to produce the coordinated functioning of the striatum. Loss of that cooperative activity contributes to the dysfunction underlying Parkinson's disease.
纹状体及其起源于中脑（主要来自黑质致密部和腹侧被盖区）的密集多巴胺能神经支配，构成了中脑纹状体多巴胺（DA）系统。黑质纹状体系统主要参与运动协调以及诸如图雷特综合征、亨廷顿舞蹈症和帕金森病等疾病。从腹侧被盖区到纹状体的多巴胺能投射更多地参与塑造导致奖赏行为的过程，并且成瘾性药物作用于这个中脑边缘系统。中脑多巴胺区域接受来自脚桥被盖核和脑桥背外侧被盖核的胆碱能神经支配，而纹状体接受来自局部中间神经元的密集胆碱能神经支配。中脑纹状体系统的各种神经元表达多种类型的毒蕈碱型和烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体以及多巴胺受体。特别是在纹状体中，多巴胺能和胆碱能成分的密集交织使得它们能够产生强大的相互作用。有证据表明胆碱能和多巴胺能系统共同作用以实现纹状体的协调功能。这种协同活动的丧失导致了帕金森病潜在的功能障碍。
