Kankkunen Päivi, Vehviläinen-Julkunen Katri, Pietilä Anna-Maija, Halonen Pirjo
Doctoral Student, Department of Nursing Science, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
J Adv Nurs. 2003 Feb;41(4):367-75. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02536.x.
Nonpharmacological methods are stated to be effective in alleviating children's postoperative pain when used as an adjuvant to analgesics. However, little is known about how these methods are used by parents at home.
The purpose of this study was to describe parents' use of nonpharmacological methods at home in 1-6-year-old children's pain alleviation after minor day surgery.
Mothers (n = 201) and fathers (n = 114) whose child had undergone day surgery in 10 Finnish hospitals between October 2000 and September 2001 filled in a questionnaire including a Visual Analogue Scale, Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure and a subscale consisting of 25 items measuring parents' use of several nonpharmacological pain alleviation methods with their children at home after day surgery.
The most frequently used nonpharmacological pain alleviation methods were holding the child on the parent's lap, comforting the child and spending more time with them. Differences were found in mothers' and fathers' use of these methods. In addition, several methods were used more with girls than with boys. Significant relationships were found between parents' use of nonpharmacological pain alleviation methods and children's pain intensity and pain behaviour.
Parents used several nonpharmacological pain alleviation methods with their children. However, their implementation seemed to be gender-related and limited to methods that were familiar to the parents from everyday life. The findings can be used in advising parents to use nonpharmacological pain alleviation methods at home after surgical procedures. Further research using experimental designs is needed into the effectiveness of these methods.
非药物方法作为镇痛药的辅助手段，据说在减轻儿童术后疼痛方面是有效的。然而，对于这些方法在家庭中父母是如何使用的，我们知之甚少。
本研究的目的是描述父母在家中对1至6岁儿童进行小日间手术后使用非药物方法减轻疼痛的情况。
2000年10月至2001年9月期间，在芬兰10家医院接受日间手术的儿童的母亲（n = 201）和父亲（n = 114）填写了一份问卷，其中包括视觉模拟量表、父母术后疼痛测量表以及一个由25个项目组成的子量表，该子量表测量父母在日间手术后在家中与孩子一起使用几种非药物减轻疼痛方法的情况。
最常用的非药物减轻疼痛方法是将孩子抱在父母腿上、安慰孩子以及花更多时间陪伴他们。在母亲和父亲使用这些方法上存在差异。此外，几种方法女孩比男孩使用得更多。父母使用非药物减轻疼痛方法与孩子的疼痛强度和疼痛行为之间存在显著关系。
父母与孩子一起使用了几种非药物减轻疼痛方法。然而，这些方法的实施似乎与性别有关，并且仅限于父母日常生活中熟悉的方法。这些研究结果可用于建议父母在手术后在家中使用非药物减轻疼痛方法。需要使用实验设计对这些方法的有效性进行进一步研究。
