Humphrey Gayl, Casswell Sally, Han Dug Yeo
Alcohol and Public Health Research Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
N Z Med J. 2003 Jan 24;116(1168):U298.
This study investigated the role of alcohol in injury cases among patients attending an emergency department in Auckland during December 2000.
A random sample of patients was interviewed and breath tested in the emergency department. Interviewing took place continuously for a three-week period. Using a case-crossover design the causal role of alcohol was assessed. RESULTS Thirty five per cent of injured patients reported having consumed alcohol prior to sustaining their injury; this is a high proportion compared with overseas research. Males and the under 30 years age group were over-represented in both alcohol-related and non alcohol-related injury cases. The risk of sustaining an injury was 2.8 times greater when alcohol was consumed. The median amount of self-reported absolute alcohol consumed prior to alcohol-involved injury was 103 ml (equivalent to about seven cans of beer), with the lower quartile at 37 ml and upper quartile at 246 ml. For injury cases reporting consumption of alcohol prior to their injury event, there was a cumulative risk of 1.14 for each 30 ml of absolute alcohol (two cans of beer) consumed. There were no differences between the quantity of alcohol consumed by males and females or younger and older participants. Of those with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) readings obtained from breath samples, 51% had BAC reading equal or greater than 0.300 mcg. Violence was found to be the cause of 17% of the injury cases and alcohol was reported as involved (victim and/or perpetrator) in 79% of these cases. Injury involving violence occurred most often in a public place or on a licensed outlet.
This is the first study of alcohol involvement in injury presenting to an emergency department in New Zealand. Findings indicate that a relatively high proportion of injury cases requiring emergency department treatment were alcohol-related and that the risk of an injury occurring was significantly increased by consumption of alcohol.
本研究调查了2000年12月期间奥克兰一家急诊科就诊患者中酒精在损伤病例中的作用。
在急诊科对患者进行随机抽样访谈并进行呼气测试。访谈持续了三周时间。采用病例交叉设计评估酒精的因果作用。结果35%的受伤患者报告在受伤前饮酒；与国外研究相比，这一比例较高。在与酒精相关和非酒精相关的损伤病例中，男性和30岁以下年龄组的占比过高。饮酒时受伤的风险高出2.8倍。在与酒精相关的损伤发生前自我报告的纯酒精摄入量中位数为103毫升（相当于约七罐啤酒），下四分位数为37毫升，上四分位数为246毫升。对于报告在受伤事件前饮酒的损伤病例，每摄入30毫升纯酒精（两罐啤酒），累积风险为1.14。男性和女性或年轻和年长参与者的饮酒量没有差异。在从呼气样本中获得血液酒精浓度（BAC）读数的人中，51%的BAC读数等于或大于0.300微克。发现17%的损伤病例是由暴力引起的，其中79%报告酒精（受害者和/或肇事者）与此有关。涉及暴力的损伤最常发生在公共场所或有执照的场所。
这是新西兰首次关于酒精与急诊科就诊损伤情况的研究。研究结果表明，需要急诊科治疗的损伤病例中相当高比例与酒精有关，并且饮酒会显著增加受伤风险。
