Newman Sandra
Johns Hopkins University Institute for Policy Studies, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Gerontologist. 2003 Feb;43(1):99-109. doi: 10.1093/geront/43.1.99.
This article profiles the housing settings of frail elderly individuals, whether their homes are facilitating or impeding their ability to live in the community, and the change in disability and housing status before and after passage of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act.
The analysis relies primarily on statistical analysis of the 1995 national American Housing Survey (AHS), with supplementary analysis of the 1978 AHS.
In 1995, roughly 14% of elderly individuals had a "housing-related disability," 49% had at least one dwelling modification, and 23% had an unmet need for modifications. Because half those with dwelling modification also reported unmet need, the match between disabling condition and modification, not the presence of modifications, is key. Multivariate results indicate that although unmet need is greater among the poor, lack of modifications is not. Prevalence of modifications nearly doubled between 1978 and 1995. Overall unmet need declined, but some needs were less likely to be met in 1995 than 1978.
The analysis highlights the importance of information about housing for understanding the care and service needs of elderly individuals and provides a compelling argument for a minimum dataset on their housing and neighborhood environments.
本文剖析了体弱老年人的居住环境，探讨其住所是促进还是阻碍了他们在社区生活的能力，以及1990年《美国残疾人法案》通过前后残疾状况和居住状况的变化。
分析主要基于对1995年美国全国住房调查（AHS）的统计分析，并对1978年的AHS进行补充分析。
1995年，约14%的老年人存在“与住房相关的残疾”，49%的人至少进行了一项居住改造，23%的人有未满足的改造需求。由于进行了居住改造的人中也有一半表示有未满足的需求，所以关键在于残疾状况与改造之间的匹配，而非改造的存在与否。多变量结果表明，虽然穷人中未满足的需求更多，但缺乏改造的情况并非如此。1978年至1995年间，改造的普及率几乎翻了一番。总体未满足的需求有所下降，但1995年某些需求比1978年更难得到满足。
该分析凸显了住房信息对于理解老年人护理和服务需求的重要性，并为建立关于他们住房和邻里环境的最低数据集提供了有力论据。
