Sowell R L, Seals B F, Phillips K D, Julious C H
College of Health and Human Services, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA.
Health Educ Res. 2003 Feb;18(1):32-44. doi: 10.1093/her/18.1.32.
This descriptive study explores the phenomenon of disclosure of HIV infection by women. Specifically, we examined women's level of disclosure to various groups and how these disclosure decisions are made. The sample consisted of 322 HIV-infected women residing in the southern US. Participants were predominantly African-American, single women of reproductive age with yearly incomes less than $10,000. Data were collected at the first interview of a longitudinal study of reproductive decision making. Findings showed that the majority of the women had disclosed to some sex partners, close family and friends, and health care professionals. However, for a group of women, disclosure of HIV infection is a difficult issue supporting the need for health education and counseling. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and revealed three major categories describing how women make disclosure decisions: full disclosure, criteria for disclosure and emotional disclosure. Quantitative analysis revealed few demographic differences among women in the three disclosure categories. These findings provide insight that can assist those working with HIV-infected women in helping them decide not only to whom they disclose, but how best to disclose.
这项描述性研究探讨了女性披露艾滋病毒感染情况的现象。具体而言，我们考察了女性向不同群体披露的程度以及这些披露决定是如何做出的。样本包括居住在美国南部的322名感染艾滋病毒的女性。参与者主要是非洲裔美国女性，为育龄单身女性，年收入低于1万美元。数据是在一项关于生殖决策的纵向研究的首次访谈中收集的。研究结果表明，大多数女性已向一些性伴侣、亲密家人和朋友以及医疗保健专业人员披露了感染情况。然而，对于一部分女性来说，披露艾滋病毒感染情况是一个难题，这表明有必要开展健康教育和咨询。使用内容分析法对定性数据进行了分析，结果揭示了描述女性如何做出披露决定的三大类情况：完全披露、披露标准和情感披露。定量分析显示，在这三类披露情况的女性中，人口统计学差异很少。这些研究结果提供了一些见解，有助于那些与感染艾滋病毒的女性打交道的人，不仅帮助她们决定向谁披露，而且帮助她们决定如何以最佳方式披露。
