Vakhitov V A, Chemeris A V, Sabirzhanov B E, Akhunov E D, Kulikov A M, Nikonorov Iu M, Gimalov F R, Bikbulatova S M, Baĭmiev A Kh
Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054 Russia.
Genetika. 2003 Jan;39(1):5-17.
The process of accumulation of knowledge on wheat and related wild species during the 20th century is briefly reviewed with special reference to the evidence of the recent years on evolution of polyploid wheats and the role of diploid species. The latter serve as potential donors of the genomes, detection of which is particularly important because of the continuing speciation in the tribe Triticeae and artificial development of synthetic forms. The arguments in favor of the donor role for various diploid wheat species and aegilopses from the section Sitopsis are compared. It is stated that in the formation of the both lines of polyploid wheats turgidum-aestivum and timopheevi, diploid Aegilops speltoides acted as a maternal form. In addition to plasmatic genomes, this aegilops species introduced into them also the B and G nuclear subgenomes. A comparison of nucleotide sequences in the variable part of the promoter of evolutionary conserved rRNA genes in polyploid wheats with their counterparts in diploid wheats and aegilopses confirmed the accepted wheat phylogenies.
本文简要回顾了20世纪关于小麦及相关野生种的知识积累过程，特别提及了近年来关于多倍体小麦进化及二倍体物种作用的证据。后者作为基因组的潜在供体，由于小麦族中持续的物种形成以及人工合成形式的发展，对其检测尤为重要。文中比较了支持不同二倍体小麦物种和拟斯卑尔脱山羊草属作为供体作用的论据。研究表明，在四倍体小麦-普通小麦和提莫菲维小麦这两个多倍体系的形成过程中，二倍体节节麦作为母本形式。除了细胞质基因组外，该山羊草物种还向它们引入了B和G核亚基因组。将多倍体小麦中进化保守的rRNA基因启动子可变部分的核苷酸序列与其在二倍体小麦和山羊草中的对应序列进行比较，证实了已被认可的小麦系统发育关系。
