Welch A A, Lund E, Amiano P, Dorronsoro M, Brustad M, Kumle M, Rodriguez M, Lasheras C, Janzon L, Jansson J, Luben R, Spencer E A, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Linseisen J, Klipstein-Grobusch K, Benetou V, Zavitsanos X, Tumino R, Galasso R, Bueno-De-Mesquita H B, Ocké M C, Charrondière U R, Slimani N
Strangeways Research Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Wort's Causeway, UK.
Public Health Nutr. 2002 Dec;5(6B):1273-85. doi: 10.1079/PHN2002404.
To describe and compare the consumption of total fish (marine foods) and the fish sub-groups - white fish, fatty fish, very fatty fish, fish products and crustacea, in participants from the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.
Cross-sectional analysis of dietary intake using a computerised standardised 24-hour recall interview. Crude means, means and standard errors adjusted by age, season and day of the week were calculated, stratified by centre and gender.
Twenty-seven redefined centres in the 10 European countries participating in the EPIC study.
In total, 35 955 subjects (13 031 men and 22 924 women), aged 35-74 years, selected from the main EPIC cohort.
A six- to sevenfold variation in total fish consumption exists in women and men, between the lowest consumption in Germany and the highest in Spain. Overall, white fish represented 49% and 45% of the intake of total fish in women and men, respectively, with the greatest consumption in centres in Spain and Greece and the least in the German and Dutch centres. Consumption of fatty fish reflected that of total fish. However, the greatest intake of very fatty fish was in the coastal areas of northern Europe (Denmark, Sweden and Norway) and in Germany. Consumption of fish products was greater in northern than in southern Europe, with white fish products predominating in centres in France, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands and Norway. Intake of roe and roe products was low. The highest consumption of crustacea was found in the French, Spanish and Italian centres. The number of fish types consumed was greater in southern than in northern Europe. The greatest variability in consumption by day of the week was found in the countries with the lowest fish intake.
Throughout Europe, substantial geographic variation exists in total fish intake, fish sub-groups and the number of types consumed. Day-to-day variability in consumption is also high.
描述并比较欧洲癌症与营养调查（EPIC）研究参与者中全鱼（海产品）及鱼类亚组——白鱼、高脂鱼、特高脂鱼、鱼制品和甲壳类动物的消费量。
采用计算机标准化24小时回顾性访谈对饮食摄入量进行横断面分析。计算了按年龄、季节和星期几调整后的粗均值、均值和标准误，并按中心和性别进行分层。
参与EPIC研究的10个欧洲国家的27个重新定义的中心。
从EPIC主要队列中总共选取了35955名年龄在35至74岁之间的受试者（13031名男性和22924名女性）。
在德国消费量最低和西班牙消费量最高的男性和女性之间，全鱼消费量存在6至7倍的差异。总体而言，白鱼分别占女性和男性全鱼摄入量的49%和45%，在西班牙和希腊的中心消费量最大，在德国和荷兰的中心消费量最小。高脂鱼的消费量反映了全鱼的消费量。然而，特高脂鱼的最大摄入量出现在北欧沿海地区（丹麦、瑞典和挪威）以及德国。鱼制品的消费量在北欧高于南欧，在法国、意大利、西班牙、荷兰和挪威的中心，白鱼制品占主导。鱼籽和鱼籽制品的摄入量较低。甲壳类动物的最高消费量出现在法国、西班牙和意大利的中心。南欧消费的鱼类种类数量多于北欧。鱼类摄入量最低的国家，一周内每日消费量的变异性最大。
在整个欧洲，全鱼摄入量、鱼类亚组和消费种类数量存在显著的地理差异。每日消费量的变异性也很高。
