Liu Chenying, Munakata Tsunetsugu, Fujiyama Hakuei, Usuba Mariko
Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2003 Jan;50(1):15-26.
This study investigated psychosocial factors underlying the mental health problems of single-child high school students in China, where society and the family situation have been rapidly changing since introduction of the open-economy policy.
Three hundred and ten college-bound high school students in Heilong Jiangsheng Harbin completed self-administrative questionnaires in February, 2000. The subjects were divided into single-child and non single-child groups. Analysis of correlations was performed for general attributes, mental conditions measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), personality variables, stressors, and emotion support network. Cause-and-effect factors were also analyzed using Covariance Analysis.
In the single-child and in non single-child groups, the percentage suffering neurotic tendencies were 73% and 39%, and the values for a tendency to depression were 63% and 25%, respectively. In the single-child group, anxiety, interpersonal dependence, and perceived stressors were significantly higher while the perceived self-esteem and emotional support from family members were significantly lower than in the non single-child group. Among the variables, having siblings was highly correlated with all the measured factors influencing mental health. The results indicated that a poor emotional support network could cause low self-esteem, high anxiety trait, strong interpersonal dependence, and increased sensitivity to stressors and worsening of mental health.
The incidence of mental health related problems was found to be significantly higher in the single-children than in the non single-children. Thus having siblings has positive effects on mental health. The emotional support network also plays an important role in the mental condition, development of a healthy personality, and building a positive attitude toward stressors.
本研究调查了中国独生子女高中生心理健康问题背后的社会心理因素，自改革开放政策实施以来，中国的社会和家庭状况一直在迅速变化。
2000年2月，黑龙江省哈尔滨市的310名准备上大学的高中生完成了自填式问卷。受试者被分为独生子女组和非独生子女组。对一般属性、用一般健康问卷（GHQ）测量的心理状况、人格变量、压力源和情感支持网络进行相关性分析。还使用协方差分析因果因素。
独生子女组和非独生子女组中，有神经质倾向的百分比分别为73%和39%，有抑郁倾向的值分别为63%和25%。在独生子女组中，焦虑、人际依赖和感知到的压力源显著更高，而感知到的自尊和来自家庭成员的情感支持显著低于非独生子女组。在这些变量中，有兄弟姐妹与所有影响心理健康的测量因素高度相关。结果表明，不良的情感支持网络可能导致低自尊、高焦虑特质、强烈的人际依赖以及对应激源的敏感性增加和心理健康恶化。
发现独生子女中与心理健康相关问题的发生率显著高于非独生子女。因此，有兄弟姐妹对心理健康有积极影响。情感支持网络在心理状况、健康人格的发展以及对应激源形成积极态度方面也起着重要作用。
