Bernstein J
Perspect Nephrol Hypertens. 1976;4:7-30.
Renal cysts are a heterogeneous group comprising heritable, developmental, and acquired disorders. The classification presented here has been developed, as have several others in the past, to incorporate radiographic, functional, and genetic contributions in its clinicopathologic correlations. Its major categories are as follows: (1) dysplastic cysts arising in kidneys that have undergone abnormal morphogenesis and differentiation; (2) polycystic disease of autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant types; (3) heritable syndromes of multiple malformations with renal cysts resulting from presumed metabolic injury; (4) isolated cortical cysts of unknown pathogenesis; (5) medullary cysts of several types, including medullary sponge kidney and the progressive syndromes of medullary cystic disease, familial juvenile nephronophthisis, and renal-retinal dysplasia; (6) acquired parenchymal cysts of diverse origins; and (7) extraparenchymal cysts. This classification, which has been revised repeatedly over the years, is still tentative and undoubtedly will be revised again.
肾囊肿是一组异质性疾病，包括遗传性、发育性和后天性疾病。此处提出的分类方法，与过去的其他几种分类方法一样，是为了在其临床病理相关性中纳入影像学、功能和遗传学方面的因素。其主要类别如下：（1）起源于经历了异常形态发生和分化的肾脏的发育异常性囊肿；（2）常染色体隐性和常染色体显性类型的多囊病；（3）由推测的代谢损伤导致的伴有肾囊肿的多种畸形的遗传性综合征；（4）发病机制不明的孤立性皮质囊肿；（5）几种类型的髓质囊肿，包括髓质海绵肾以及髓质囊性疾病、家族性青少年肾单位肾痨和肾视网膜发育异常的进行性综合征；（6）多种起源的后天性实质囊肿；（7）肾外囊肿。多年来经过多次修订的这一分类方法仍然是暂定的，无疑还会再次修订。
