Bungiro Richard D, Anderson Brett R, Cappello Michael
Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Pediatrics, Yale Child Health Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208081, New Haven, CA 06520-8081, USA.
Infect Immun. 2003 Apr;71(4):1880-6. doi: 10.1128/IAI.71.4.1880-1886.2003.
Syrian hamsters become anemic and exhibit delayed growth following oral infection with third-stage Ancylostoma ceylanicum hookworm larvae. Here we describe experiments designed to determine the feasibility of adult worm transfer (AWT) between hosts, a technique that would facilitate the specific study of bloodfeeding hookworms in vivo without prior exposure of the host to larva-specific antigens, permit the ex vivo manipulation of adult parasites prior to reimplantation, and also allow for cross-species transfer of worms. Weanling hamsters given an oral AWT of 40 or 60 mixed-sex A. ceylanicum worms rapidly developed anemia; in the higher-dose group, hemoglobin levels declined from prechallenge levels by 44% within 4 days following AWT. Long-term survival of transferred worms was demonstrated by recovery of parasites from the intestines 42 days after AWT. AWT hamsters acquired humoral immune responses against soluble adult hookworm extracts and excretory-secretory products that were comparable in magnitude to those of animals given a typical infection with larvae. In AWT experiments employing the nonpermissive murine model, C57BL/6 mice given adult worms rapidly became anemic and lost weight in a manner similar to AWT hamsters. Infection of additional mouse strains demonstrated that while C57BL/10 and CD-1 mice also developed anemia following AWT, BALB/c mice were resistant. The technique of AWT to mice may further our understanding of hookworm pathogenesis by allowing the study of adult hookworm infections in a species with well-characterized genetics and an abundance of available reagents.
叙利亚仓鼠经口服感染第三期锡兰钩虫幼虫后会出现贫血并生长发育迟缓。在此,我们描述了旨在确定宿主间成虫转移(AWT)可行性的实验,该技术将有助于在不使宿主预先暴露于幼虫特异性抗原的情况下,在体内对吸血钩虫进行特异性研究,允许在重新植入前对成虫寄生虫进行体外操作,还能实现虫体的跨物种转移。给断奶仓鼠口服40或60条混合性别的锡兰钩虫进行AWT后,它们迅速出现贫血;在高剂量组中,AWT后4天内血红蛋白水平从攻击前水平下降了44%。在AWT后42天从肠道中回收寄生虫,证明了转移虫体的长期存活。接受AWT的仓鼠获得了针对可溶性成虫钩虫提取物和排泄分泌产物的体液免疫反应,其强度与接受典型幼虫感染的动物相当。在使用非允许性小鼠模型的AWT实验中,接受成虫的C57BL/6小鼠迅速出现贫血并体重减轻,方式与接受AWT的仓鼠相似。对其他小鼠品系的感染表明,虽然C57BL/10和CD-1小鼠在AWT后也出现了贫血,但BALB/c小鼠具有抗性。将AWT技术应用于小鼠,通过在一个具有明确遗传学特征且有大量可用试剂的物种中研究成虫钩虫感染,可能会增进我们对钩虫发病机制的理解。