Crompton D W T, Nesheim M C
WHO Collaborating Centre for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2002;22:35-59. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.120501.134539. Epub 2002 Jan 4.
Poor people in developing countries endure the burden of disease caused by four common species of soil-transmitted nematode that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. Disease accompanying these infections is manifested mainly as nutritional disturbance, with the differing infections having their deleterious effects at different phases during the human life cycle. Reduced food intake, impaired digestion, malabsorption, and poor growth rate are frequently observed in children suffering from ascariasis and trichuriasis. Poor iron status and iron deficiency anemia are the hallmarks of hookworm disease. The course and outcome of pregnancy, growth, and development during childhood and the extent of worker productivity are diminished during hookworm disease. Less is known about the impact of these infections in children under 2 years of age. The severity of disease caused by soil-transmitted nematodes has consistently been found to depend on the number of worms present per person. Cost-effective measures based on highly efficacious anthelminthic drugs are now available to reduce and control disease caused by these infections.
发展中国家的贫困人口承受着由寄生于胃肠道的四种常见土壤传播线虫引起的疾病负担。伴随这些感染出现的疾病主要表现为营养紊乱，不同的感染在人类生命周期的不同阶段产生有害影响。患蛔虫病和鞭虫病的儿童经常出现食物摄入量减少、消化受损、吸收不良和生长速度缓慢的情况。缺铁状态和缺铁性贫血是钩虫病的特征。在患钩虫病期间，孕期、儿童期生长发育的进程和结果以及工人的生产力水平都会降低。关于这些感染对2岁以下儿童的影响，人们了解得较少。一直以来都发现，土壤传播线虫引起的疾病严重程度取决于每人体内的线虫数量。现在已有基于高效驱虫药物的具有成本效益的措施来减少和控制这些感染引起的疾病。
