南非的职业健康护理。拓展国际视野。

Occupational health nursing in South Africa. Enhancing international perspectives.

Grainger Linda, Mitchell Karen

Department of Postgraduate Nursing Studies, Durban Institute of Technology, Durban, South Africa.

AAOHN J. 2003 Feb;51(2):72-8.

Abstract

Occupational health care in South Africa has lagged behind that of other countries because it was developed within the context of a fragmented, racist, and conservative legislative framework. This legislation has been improved in recent years. 2. Complex legislation, the demographic profile of workers, mortality and morbidity profiles, occupational injuries and diseases, changes in technology, and poor working conditions are present challenges for occupational health nursing practitioners to provide a comprehensive program for the protection of worker health and safety. 3. Most occupational health services are provided by private sector companies. There is a lack of occupational team members, especially physicians, occupational hygienists, and rehabilitation workers. Occupational health nurses provide primary health care, as well as occupational health care in their clinics. 4. Occupational health nursing has developed into a formally recognized post-graduate specialization, with a strong national professional society and the promotion of research.

摘要

南非的职业健康护理落后于其他国家，因为它是在一个分散、种族主义且保守的立法框架背景下发展起来的。近年来，这项立法已有所改进。2. 复杂的立法、工人的人口统计学特征、死亡率和发病率情况、职业伤害与疾病、技术变革以及恶劣的工作条件，都是职业健康护理从业者在提供全面的工人健康与安全保护计划时面临的挑战。3. 大多数职业健康服务由私营公司提供。职业团队成员短缺，尤其是医生、职业卫生学家和康复工作者。职业健康护士在其诊所提供初级卫生保健以及职业健康护理。4. 职业健康护理已发展成为一个得到正式认可的研究生专业领域，拥有强大的全国性专业协会并推动研究工作。