Abdou Adel A
Department of Architectural Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2003 Mar;113(3):1505-17. doi: 10.1121/1.1531982.
The study of mosque acoustics, with regard to acoustical characteristics, sound quality for speech intelligibility, and other applicable acoustic criteria, has been largely neglected. In this study a background as to why mosques are designed as they are and how mosque design is influenced by worship considerations is given. In the study the acoustical characteristics of typically constructed contemporary mosques in Saudi Arabia have been investigated, employing a well-known impulse response. Extensive field measurements were taken in 21 representative mosques of different sizes and architectural features in order to characterize their acoustical quality and to identify the impact of air conditioning, ceiling fans, and sound reinforcement systems on their acoustics. Objective room-acoustic indicators such as reverberation time (RT) and clarity (C50) were measured. Background noise (BN) was assessed with and without the operation of air conditioning and fans. The speech transmission index (STI) was also evaluated with and without the operation of existing sound reinforcement systems. The existence of acoustical deficiencies was confirmed and quantified. The study, in addition to describing mosque acoustics, compares design goals to results obtained in practice and suggests acoustical target values for mosque design. The results show that acoustical quality in the investigated mosques deviates from optimum conditions when unoccupied, but is much better in the occupied condition.
关于声学特性、语音清晰度的音质以及其他适用的声学标准，清真寺声学的研究在很大程度上被忽视了。在本研究中，给出了清真寺为何如此设计以及清真寺设计如何受到礼拜考虑因素影响的背景信息。在该研究中，采用一种知名的脉冲响应，对沙特阿拉伯典型建造的当代清真寺的声学特性进行了调查。在21座具有不同规模和建筑特色的代表性清真寺中进行了广泛的现场测量，以表征它们的声学质量，并确定空调、吊扇和扩声系统对其声学的影响。测量了诸如混响时间（RT）和明晰度（C50）等客观的室内声学指标。在空调和风扇运行与不运行的情况下评估了背景噪声（BN）。在现有扩声系统运行与不运行的情况下也评估了语音传输指数（STI）。确认并量化了声学缺陷的存在。该研究除了描述清真寺声学外，还将设计目标与实际获得的结果进行了比较，并提出了清真寺设计的声学目标值。结果表明，所调查的清真寺在无人占用时声学质量偏离最佳条件，但在有人占用时要好得多。
