Berg Torunn, Sekkesaeter Siri, Steinnes Eiliv, Valdal Anne Kari, Wibetoe Grethe
Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), P.O. Box 100, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
Sci Total Environ. 2003 Mar 20;304(1-3):43-51. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00555-7.
This study was carried out to see whether the geographical extent of the mercury depletion events (MDEs), first seen at Alert in the Canadian High Arctic, is also covering Svalbard. Another goal was to determine the main reaction products from the MDE and their fate. Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), total particulate mercury (TPM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and total mercury in surface snow have been measured at the Zeppelin mountain during 2000. GEM has been measured with a high time resolution automatic monitor (Tekran 2537A) based on CV-AFS, TPM was sampled/measured using high volume samplers/CV-AFS and RGM was sampled with annular denuders and measured by CV-AFS (Gardis Hg-monitor). During spring of 2000, in the three-month period following polar sunrise, there were several episodic depletions in GEM concentration correlating well with the depletion of surface ozone. Measurements of RGM and TPM showed higher concentrations of these mercury species during the depletion period than during the rest of the year. Total mercury in surface snow showed a distinct increase from the polar night to the Arctic spring. MDEs are caused by the specific chemical and physical conditions observed in the Arctic during spring. GEM is oxidised and converted to more reactive forms (RGM and/or TPM), which have considerably higher deposition velocities than elemental mercury, leading to an overall enhanced deposition flux of mercury.
开展这项研究是为了了解首次在加拿大北极地区阿勒特观测到的汞消耗事件（MDEs）的地理范围是否也覆盖了斯瓦尔巴群岛。另一个目标是确定MDEs的主要反应产物及其归宿。2000年期间，在齐柏林山对气态元素汞（GEM）、总颗粒汞（TPM）、活性气态汞（RGM）和表层雪中的总汞进行了测量。GEM使用基于冷原子荧光光谱法（CV-AFS）的高时间分辨率自动监测仪（Tekran 2537A）进行测量，TPM使用大容量采样器/CV-AFS进行采样/测量，RGM使用环形剥蚀器进行采样并通过CV-AFS（Gardis汞监测仪）进行测量。在2000年春季，在极昼后的三个月期间，GEM浓度出现了几次偶发性消耗，与地表臭氧的消耗密切相关。RGM和TPM的测量结果表明，在消耗期这些汞物种的浓度高于一年中的其他时间。表层雪中的总汞从极夜到北极春季呈现出明显增加。MDEs是由北极春季观测到的特定化学和物理条件引起的。GEM被氧化并转化为更具活性的形式（RGM和/或TPM），这些形式的沉降速度比元素汞高得多，导致汞的总体沉降通量增加。
