Zhong He, Dukes James, Greer Mike, Hester Phil, Shirley Michael, Anderson Beverly
John A. Mulrennan, Sr., Public Health Entomology Research and Education Center, Florida A&M University, 4000 Frankford Avenue, Panama City, FL 32405, USA.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2003 Mar;19(1):47-52.
Caged fiddler crabs, Uca pugilator, were exposed to field ULV applications to measure the impact of fenthion. Two nozzle systems, conventional flat-fan nozzles (Tee Jet 8002SS) and high-pressure hydraulic nozzles (1/8 MIS), were compared using single spray swaths. Fenthion residues were detected throughout the 4.83-km test zone for both systems. Heavy ground deposits (650-1,670 microg/m2) of fenthion were found within 1 km using the flat-fan nozzle systems, which resulted in 80% fiddler crab mortality. Less than 100 microg/m2 fenthion ground deposits were detected during the high-pressure nozzle trials. No fiddler crab mortality was observed within the first 1-km zone following 3 single swath applications repeated during 3 consecutive nights. We found also that when the fiddler crabs were exposed to 700-800 microg/m2 fenthion, mortality occurred. Significant crab mortality (>50%) was observed when residues exceeded 1,000 microg/m2.
将笼养的招潮蟹（学名：Uca pugilator）暴露于野外超低容量喷洒环境中，以测定倍硫磷的影响。使用两种喷嘴系统，即传统的扁平扇形喷嘴（特捷8002SS）和高压液压喷嘴（1/8 MIS），进行单幅喷雾带试验并比较。在整个4.83公里的测试区域内，两种系统均检测到了倍硫磷残留。使用扁平扇形喷嘴系统时，在1公里范围内发现了大量的倍硫磷地面沉积物（650 - 1670微克/平方米），这导致了80%的招潮蟹死亡。在高压喷嘴试验中，检测到的倍硫磷地面沉积物少于100微克/平方米。在连续三个晚上重复进行3次单幅喷雾带喷洒后的前1公里区域内，未观察到招潮蟹死亡。我们还发现，当招潮蟹暴露于700 - 800微克/平方米的倍硫磷中时，会出现死亡。当残留量超过1000微克/平方米时，观察到明显的蟹类死亡（>50%）。
