[Signal function of the reactive oxygen species in regulatory networks of the cell reaction to damaging effects: contribution of radiosensitivity and genome instability].

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a few possible effects, such as metabolic (participation in regulation of protein functions), damaging (oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) and signal; the latter is reviewed in the article. Superoxide anion-radical (O2-.), hydroperoxide (HO2) and nitroxide (NO) are capable to act as signal substances in the cell regulatory network, which determines a mode of cell response to disturbance: proliferation pace, a course of differentiation or a start of the apoptosis program. A role of ROS in the reaction network is reviewed: importance of their content in a cell; ROS-bound signal pathways, which trigger the programs of cell reactions to stimuli; initiations of the regulatory network, which determine a content of ROS in a cell; ROS reactions with network components, which influence its functioning. A significance of the ROS-bound segment of the network, which realizes regulatory signals of the damage, in formation of radiobiological effect is estimated. The data obtained by the authors are submitted; the prospects of studing substances (such as phenozan etc.), which can actively influence redox processes, as means of modification of radiation-induced genome instability and prevention of oncogenic transformation are considered.