Stompe T, Ortwein-Swoboda G, Ritter K, Schanda H
University Hospital for Psychiatry Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Psychopathology. 2003 Jan-Feb;36(1):6-12. doi: 10.1159/000069658.
A number of recent case reports published during the last 20 years described a quick inclusion of new technologies and cultural innovations into schizophrenic delusions which led many of the authors to the conclusion that the 'Zeitgeist' is creating new delusional contents. On the other hand, long-term comparisons and comparative transcultural studies on delusions showed, despite a certain degree of variability, a stability of delusional themes over longer periods of time. Combining anthropological and historical theories of the development of societies with a differentiated psychopathological approach (Klosterkötter's three-stage model of the formation of schizophrenic delusions), we were able to resolve the problem of the ostensibly divergent results: there are only a few themes of extraordinary anthropological importance for the organization of human relationships which can be found in every epoch and in different cultures (persecution, grandiosity, guilt, religion, hypochondria, jealousy, and love). With the exception of persecution and grandiosity, these themes showed a certain variability over time and between cultures. The 'new' themes, referring to the development of modern technology and the rapid changes of 'cultural patterns' turned out to be only the shaping of the basic delusional themes on the 3rd stage of Klosterkötter's phase model (concretization).
过去20年发表的一些近期病例报告描述了新技术和文化创新迅速融入精神分裂症妄想之中，这使得许多作者得出结论，即“时代精神”正在创造新的妄想内容。另一方面，对妄想的长期比较和跨文化比较研究表明，尽管存在一定程度的变异性，但妄想主题在较长时期内具有稳定性。将社会发展的人类学和历史理论与差异化的精神病理学方法（克洛斯特科特的精神分裂症妄想形成三阶段模型）相结合，我们能够解决表面上相互矛盾的结果这一问题：对于人际关系的组织而言，只有少数具有非凡人类学重要性的主题，这些主题在每个时代和不同文化中都能找到（迫害、夸大、内疚、宗教、疑病症、嫉妒和爱情）。除了迫害和夸大之外，这些主题在不同时间和文化之间表现出一定的变异性。那些涉及现代技术发展和“文化模式”快速变化的“新”主题，结果证明只是克洛斯特科特阶段模型第三阶段（具体化）中基本妄想主题的表现形式。
