Ishikawa-Takata K, Ohta T
Division of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
J Nutr Health Aging. 2003;7(1):44-53.
Japanese women have a lower bone mass and smaller calcium intake than Caucasians.
To investigate the differences in the relationship between bone mass and lifestyle among Japanese women of different life stages.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations of the relationship between bone mass and lifestyle in Japanese women aged 15-69 years.
In both cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations of high school students, exercise was shown to effectively increase bone mass. In the longitudinal investigation, bone mass was generally greater with high or increased milk consumption. In the cross-sectional investigation of nonparous women and women more than 36 months post partum, those who exercised had significantly higher bone mass. Twelve to 35 months post partum, bone mass was greater in women with higher calcium or milk intake. The effects of parity were not investigated longitudinally, but women who continuously exercised or started exercise had greater bone mass. Non-exercising women with a higher or increased frequency of intake of dairy products, small fish, and soy products had increased bone mass. The longitudinal investigations suggest that exercise increases bone mass in pre-menopausal women. In women just after menopause, it was shown cross-sectionally that bone mass was greater with a higher calcium intake, and longitudinally that exercise resulted in a slower decrease in bone mass. Among women more than 6-7 years past menopause, exercise inhibited the decrease in bone mass.
The relationship between these lifestyle factors and bone mass differs according to pregnancy status and time since menopause.
日本女性的骨量低于白种人，钙摄入量也少于白种人。
调查不同生命阶段的日本女性骨量与生活方式之间关系的差异。
对15 - 69岁日本女性骨量与生活方式之间的关系进行横断面和纵向调查。
在对高中生的横断面和纵向调查中，运动均被证明能有效增加骨量。在纵向调查中，高牛奶摄入量或牛奶摄入量增加时，骨量总体上更高。在对未生育女性和产后36个月以上女性的横断面调查中，运动的女性骨量显著更高。产后12至35个月，钙或牛奶摄入量较高的女性骨量更大。未对生育状态的影响进行纵向研究，但持续运动或开始运动的女性骨量更大。摄入乳制品、小鱼和豆制品频率较高或增加的非运动女性骨量增加。纵向调查表明，运动可增加绝经前女性的骨量。在刚绝经后的女性中，横断面研究显示钙摄入量较高时骨量更大，纵向研究显示运动可减缓骨量下降。在绝经6 - 7年以上的女性中，运动可抑制骨量下降。
这些生活方式因素与骨量之间的关系因妊娠状态和绝经后的时间不同而有所差异。
