Stronkhorst J, Ariese F, van Hattum B, Postma J F, de Kluijver M, Den Besten P J, Bergman M J N, Daan R, Murk A J, Vethaak A D
National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RIKZ), Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, PO Box 20907, 2500 EX, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Environ Pollut. 2003;124(1):17-31. doi: 10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00430-x.
The environmental impact and recovery associated with the long and uninterrupted disposal of large volumes of moderately contaminated dredged material from the port of Rotterdam was studied at nearby dumping sites in the North Sea. Observations were made on sediment contamination, ecotoxicity, biomarker responses and benthic community changes shortly after dumping at the 'North' site had ceased and at the start of disposal at the new dumping site 'Northwest'. During the period of dumping, very few benthic invertebrates were found at the North site. Concentrations of cadmium, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and tributyltin (TBT) in the fine sediment fraction (<63 microm) from this site were 2-3 times higher than at the reference site. In four different bioassays with marine invertebrates the sediments showed no acute toxic effects. In tissue (pyloric caeca) of resident starfish Asterias rubens, residual levels of mercury, zinc, PCBs and dioxin-like activity were never more than twice those at the reference site. Four different biomarkers (DNA integrity, cytochrome P450 content, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition) were used on the starfish tissues, but no significant differences were found between North and the reference site. Minor pathological effects were observed in resident dab Limanda limanda. One year after dumping had ceased at the North site, a significant increase in the species richness and abundance of benthic invertebrates and a concomitant decrease in the fine sediment fraction of the seabed were observed. After 8.2 million m3 of moderately contaminated dredged material had been dumped at the new dumping site Northwest, the species richness and abundance of benthic invertebrates declined over an area extending about 1-2 km eastwards. This correlated with a shift in sediment texture from sand to silt. The contamination of the fine sediment fraction at the Northwest location doubled. It is concluded that marine benthic resources at and around the dumping sites have been adversely affected by physical disturbance (burial, smothering). However, no causal link could be established with sediment-associated contaminants from the dredged spoils.
在北海附近的倾倒场，研究了与从鹿特丹港长期不间断地处置大量中度污染疏浚物相关的环境影响及恢复情况。在“北部”倾倒场停止倾倒后以及新倾倒场“西北”开始处置时，对沉积物污染、生态毒性、生物标志物反应和底栖生物群落变化进行了观测。在倾倒期间，北部倾倒场发现的底栖无脊椎动物极少。该场地细颗粒沉积物（<63微米）中镉、汞、多氯联苯（PCBs）、多环芳烃（PAHs）和三丁基锡（TBT）的浓度比参考场地高2至3倍。在针对海洋无脊椎动物的四种不同生物测定中，沉积物未显示出急性毒性效应。在当地海星红斑海盘车的组织（幽门盲囊）中，汞、锌、多氯联苯和二恶英样活性的残留水平从未超过参考场地的两倍。对海星组织使用了四种不同的生物标志物（DNA完整性、细胞色素P450含量、苯并[a]芘羟化酶活性和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制），但在北部场地和参考场地之间未发现显著差异。在当地鲽鱼中观察到了轻微的病理效应。在北部场地停止倾倒一年后，观察到底栖无脊椎动物的物种丰富度和丰度显著增加，同时海床细颗粒沉积物部分减少。在新倾倒场“西北”倾倒了820万立方米中度污染的疏浚物后，底栖无脊椎动物的物种丰富度和丰度在向东延伸约1至2公里的区域内下降。这与沉积物质地从沙子向淤泥的转变相关。西北场地细颗粒沉积物的污染增加了一倍。得出的结论是，倾倒场及其周边的海洋底栖生物资源受到了物理干扰（掩埋、窒息）的不利影响。然而，无法确定与疏浚弃土中与沉积物相关的污染物之间存在因果联系。
