Guy Caradee, Diab Roseanne, Martincigh Bice
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Photochem Photobiol. 2003 Mar;77(3):265-70. doi: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)077<0265:UREOCA>2.0.CO;2.
The solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure of 30 children and adolescents in three age groups (4-6 years, 7-9 years and 13-14 years) was measured for 1 week in late summer (February-March) in Durban, South Africa, using UVR-sensitive polysulfone film badges (PSFB) attached to the lapel region of the body. The mean and median values for all ages over the study period were 2.0 and 1.2 standard erythemal dose (SED) units, respectively, where 1 SED = 100 J x m(-2). Individual PSFB doses were analyzed as a function of age, gender and behavior. No significant statistical differences were found between different age groups; however, there was a statistical difference between males and females, with males generally receiving higher PSFB doses. Subjects completed UVR exposure journals documenting their time outdoors, shade versus sun conditions, nature of their activities, clothing worn and their use of sunscreen for each day of the study. Activity patterns were noted as the most important factor influencing individual UVR dose. Ambient erythemal UVR was measured by a Yankee Environmental Systems UVB pyranometer, and a relationship between ambient UVR and individual UVR dose was derived. On average, subjects received a dose of 4.6% of the total daily erythemal UVR. Based on this factor, the potential dose of an individual over a full annual cycle was estimated. Accordingly, there were 139 days during the year when an individual with skin type I (light skin) would be likely to experience minimal erythema and 97 and 32 days for individuals with skin types II and III, respectively.
在南非德班夏末（2月至3月），使用附着在身体翻领区域的紫外线敏感聚砜薄膜徽章（PSFB），对三个年龄组（4 - 6岁、7 - 9岁和13 - 14岁）的30名儿童和青少年的太阳紫外线辐射（UVR）暴露情况进行了为期1周的测量。研究期间所有年龄组的平均值和中位数分别为2.0和1.2标准红斑剂量（SED）单位，其中1 SED = 100 J×m(-2)。将个体PSFB剂量作为年龄、性别和行为的函数进行分析。不同年龄组之间未发现显著的统计学差异；然而，男性和女性之间存在统计学差异，男性通常接受更高的PSFB剂量。受试者完成了UVR暴露日记，记录了他们在研究期间每天在户外的时间、阴凉与阳光条件、活动性质、穿着的衣物以及防晒霜的使用情况。活动模式被认为是影响个体UVR剂量的最重要因素。使用Yankee环境系统UVB总日射表测量环境红斑UVR，并得出环境UVR与个体UVR剂量之间的关系。平均而言，受试者接受的剂量占每日总红斑UVR的4.6%。基于这个因素，估计了个体在一整年中的潜在剂量。因此，对于I型皮肤（浅色皮肤）的个体，一年中有139天可能会出现最小红斑，对于II型和III型皮肤的个体，分别为97天和32天。
