Nesterova Irina V., Kolesnikova Natalia V.
Medical Center of President of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Russ J Immunol. 1999 Oct;4(3):229-233.
At present there is no doubt concerning the capability of neutrophil granulocytes for cooperative interaction with other immunocompetent cells and substances of different nature, which as a whole provides a wide variety of forms of interaction and makes it possible for neutrophils to occupy key positions in the regulation of the functions of other cells both by direct contact and by secretion of regulatory mediators - neutrophilokines. Neutrophils realize their functional capabilities on a background of stimulating actions in the form of intensification of migrational, adhesive capability, readjustment of metabolism for activation of phagocytic and secretory function. It is also known that many cytokines support the viability of neutrophils, preventing their apoptosis, progressing proportional to the degree of severity of the purulent-septic process. The cytokine-producing function of the neutrophils is thereby necessary for the autocrine and paracrine regulating interaction of neutrophils with surrounding cells. Together with the established role of neutrophils during inflammatory infectious processes, their capability of expressed cytotoxic action in respect to foreign and pathologically changed cells is also known. Data on a study of the neutrophil system in healthy and sick subjects provides the possibility to consider them as the main effector cells of not only inflammatory protective reactions of the organism, but also as functionally relevant effector and regulatory structural units in the case of many other forms of immune protection of the organism against viruses, bacteria, protozoa, alloantigens, allergens both at the general and at the local level.
目前，嗜中性粒细胞与其他具有免疫活性的细胞以及不同性质的物质进行协同相互作用的能力是毋庸置疑的，这总体上提供了多种相互作用形式，使嗜中性粒细胞能够通过直接接触以及分泌调节介质——嗜中性粒细胞因子，在调节其他细胞功能方面占据关键地位。嗜中性粒细胞在以增强迁移、黏附能力以及调整代谢以激活吞噬和分泌功能等形式的刺激作用背景下实现其功能能力。还已知许多细胞因子可维持嗜中性粒细胞的活力，防止其凋亡，且这种凋亡与化脓性败血症过程的严重程度成正比。因此，嗜中性粒细胞产生细胞因子的功能对于嗜中性粒细胞与周围细胞的自分泌和旁分泌调节相互作用是必要的。连同嗜中性粒细胞在炎症感染过程中已确立的作用，它们对异物和病理改变细胞具有明显细胞毒性作用的能力也为人所知。对健康和患病受试者的嗜中性粒细胞系统的研究数据使得有可能将它们不仅视为机体炎症性保护反应的主要效应细胞，而且在机体针对病毒、细菌、原生动物、同种异体抗原、过敏原的许多其他形式的免疫保护中，无论是在全身还是局部水平，都视为功能相关的效应和调节结构单位。
