Parallel changes in agonistic and non-agonistic behaviors during dominance hierarchy formation in crayfish.

Agonistic and non-agonistic behaviors were studied before, during, and after the formation of social status in crayfish. Differences in the expression of a non-agonistic behavior by dominant and subordinate crayfish developed in parallel with the differences in agonistic behaviors that indicate the animals' social status. An increase in burrowing behavior marked the ascendancy of the dominant animal, while an immediate suppression of burrowing paralleled the inhibition of aggressive behavior in the new subordinate. The strikingly similar changes in both agonistic and non-agonistic behaviors following the decision on status suggest related underlying neural mechanisms.