Harv Bus Rev. 2003 Apr;81(4):92-8, 124.
International conflict. Bear markets. Corporate scandals. The events of this past year have prompted intense soul-searching in many quarters and led us, in this year's list of the best business ideas, to reassess some of the most basic assumptions about strategy, organizations, and leadership. We began by reconsidering the role of the leader. Whether the boss is a hero or villain, discussions of leadership focus almost exclusively on the CEO. But attention also needs to be paid to the other people who make organizations work, not only to the corporate boards that oversee CEOs but to the followers--to their responsibilities, their power, and their obligation not to follow flawed leaders. And we considered the fate of soft issues, like emotional intelligence, in hard times. It's tempting to dismiss them when your employees will do anything just to keep their jobs. But hard times are good times to employ such tools on yourself. They can arm you with the self-awareness you need to understand, anticipate, and outwit your enemies. Where tools may fail, an attitude adjustment may be what's needed. Despite valiant efforts to lead change and eliminate inefficiencies, organizations stay messy. Perhaps it's better to learn to live with messiness and even focus on its benefits, one of which may be growth. Not the meteoric, effortless illusion we indulged in during the 1990s, but significant gains nonetheless. These can come when managers embrace messiness not just within their organizations but along the boundaries of the firm, blurring the line between their own core assets and functions and those of other companies. There's growth potential, too, in considering the company as a portfolio of opportunities--but only if managers can sell off poorly performing business units as easily as they've been shedding ailing stocks of late.
国际冲突。熊市。企业丑闻。过去一年发生的这些事件促使许多方面进行了深刻的反思,并让我们在今年的最佳商业理念清单中,重新审视了一些关于战略、组织和领导力的最基本假设。我们首先重新思考了领导者的角色。无论老板是英雄还是恶棍,关于领导力的讨论几乎都只聚焦于首席执行官。但还需要关注那些使组织运转的其他人,不仅是监督首席执行官的公司董事会,还有追随者——关注他们的责任、权力以及不追随有缺陷领导者的义务。我们还思考了在艰难时期情商等软性因素的命运。当你的员工为保住工作不惜一切时,很容易忽视这些因素。但艰难时期正是在自己身上运用这些工具的好时机。它们能让你具备所需的自我认知,以理解、预测并智胜你的对手。当工具可能失效时,或许需要的是一种态度调整。尽管为引领变革和消除低效做出了英勇努力,但组织依然混乱。也许更好的做法是学会与混乱共处,甚至关注其益处,其中之一可能就是增长。不是我们在20世纪90年代沉迷的那种迅速、轻松的增长幻想,而是实实在在的收益。当管理者不仅在组织内部,而且在公司边界都接纳混乱,模糊自身核心资产和职能与其他公司的界限时,就会实现这种增长。将公司视为一系列机会的组合也有增长潜力——但前提是管理者能像近期抛售表现不佳的股票一样轻松地剥离表现不佳的业务部门。