Jambekar Sheila A, Masheb Robin M, Grilo Carlos M
Department of Psychology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Obes Res. 2003 Apr;11(4):571-7. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.80.
To examine the relationship between shame and the behavioral and attitudinal features of eating disorders in men and women diagnosed with binge-eating disorder (BED).
Participants were 188 consecutively evaluated adults (38 men and 150 women) who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria for BED. Participants were interviewed and completed a battery of measures assessing shame, behavioral and attitudinal features of eating disorders, and general psychological functioning.
Shame did not differ significantly by gender and was not associated with BMI or binge-eating frequency. Shame was significantly associated with the attitudinal features of eating disorders, even after controlling for levels of depression and self-esteem. When considered separately by gender and controlling for depression and self-esteem, shame was associated with body dissatisfaction in men and with weight concern in women.
Men and women with BED, who presented for treatment, reported similar levels of shame. Overall, while shame was related to attitudinal features, the specific associations differed by gender. For men, shame was related to how dissatisfied they felt with their bodies, whereas for women, shame was associated with concerns about weight. Interestingly, shame was not related to BMI or binge-eating frequency in men or women. These results provide preliminary support for self-conscious emotions playing different roles in men and women with BED.
探讨羞耻感与被诊断为暴饮暴食症（BED）的男性和女性饮食失调的行为及态度特征之间的关系。
参与者为188名连续接受评估的成年人（38名男性和150名女性），他们符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版中暴饮暴食症的标准。对参与者进行访谈，并让他们完成一系列评估羞耻感、饮食失调的行为及态度特征以及一般心理功能的测量。
羞耻感在性别上无显著差异，且与体重指数（BMI）或暴饮暴食频率无关。即使在控制了抑郁水平和自尊水平之后，羞耻感仍与饮食失调的态度特征显著相关。按性别分别考虑并控制抑郁和自尊后，羞耻感在男性中与身体不满相关，在女性中与体重担忧相关。
前来接受治疗的患有暴饮暴食症的男性和女性报告的羞耻感水平相似。总体而言，虽然羞耻感与态度特征有关，但具体关联因性别而异。对男性来说，羞耻感与他们对自己身体的不满程度有关，而对女性来说，羞耻感与对体重的担忧有关。有趣的是，羞耻感与男性或女性的BMI或暴饮暴食频率无关。这些结果为自我意识情绪在患有暴饮暴食症的男性和女性中发挥不同作用提供了初步支持。
