Nielsen Inge Lise F, Dragsted Lars O, Ravn-Haren Gitte, Freese Riitta, Rasmussen Salka E
Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark.
J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Apr 23;51(9):2813-20. doi: 10.1021/jf025947u.
Anthocyanins are thought to protect against cardiovascular diseases. Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits are hypercholesterolemic and used as a model of the development of atherosclerosis. To compare the uptake and excretion of anthocyanins in humans and WHHL rabbits, single-dose black currant anthocyanin studies were performed. Procedures for workup and analyses of urine and plasma samples containing anthocyanins were developed with high recoveries (99 and 81%, respectively) and low limits of quantification (> or =6.6 and > or =1.1 nM, respectively). The excretion and absorption of anthocyanins from black currant juice were found to be within the same order of magnitude in the two species regarding urinary excretion within the first 4 h (rabbits, 0.035%; humans, 0.072%) and t(max) (rabbits, approximately 30 min; humans, approximately 45 min). A food matrix effect was detected in rabbits, resulting in the absorption of a higher proportion of the anthocyanins from black currant juice than from an aqueous citric acid matrix. In humans the absorption and urinary excretion of anthocyanins from black currant juice were found to be proportional with dose and not influenced by the ingestion of a rice cake. In both species a larger proportion of the anthocyanin rutinosides than of the glucosides was absorbed, whereas the structure of the aglycon had no influence on the absorption and excretion. The anthocyanins had no effect in rabbits on the antioxidant capacity of plasma measured as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and ferruc reducing ability of plasma.
花青素被认为有助于预防心血管疾病。渡边遗传性高脂血症（WHHL）兔具有高胆固醇血症，被用作动脉粥样硬化发展的模型。为了比较人类和WHHL兔对花青素的摄取和排泄情况，进行了单剂量黑加仑花青素研究。开发了用于处理和分析含花青素尿液和血浆样本的程序，回收率高（分别为99%和81%），定量下限低（分别≥6.6 nM和≥1.1 nM）。在两个物种中，黑加仑汁中花青素的排泄和吸收在前4小时内的尿排泄量（兔为0.035%；人类为0.072%）和t(max)（兔约为30分钟；人类约为45分钟）方面处于同一数量级。在兔中检测到食物基质效应，导致从黑加仑汁中吸收的花青素比例高于从柠檬酸水溶液基质中吸收的比例。在人类中，发现黑加仑汁中花青素的吸收和尿排泄与剂量成正比，且不受米糕摄入的影响。在两个物种中，花青素芸香苷的吸收比例均大于糖苷，而苷元的结构对吸收和排泄没有影响。花青素对兔血浆的抗氧化能力（以Trolox等效抗氧化能力和血浆铁还原能力衡量）没有影响。
