Bell A
Int J Occup Health Saf. 1975 Sep-Oct;44(5):26-9, 66.
Conventional images of the hospital create two two misconceptions in the minds of people having sporadic or casual contact with it: First, that it's not really a workplace, like a factory; and second that since the function of the hospital is to promote health and wellbeing, it's a healthy and safe place for those in it, whatever their capacity there. Both are far from the truth, as hospital administrators and the medical and operational staffs are beginning to realize and discuss with increasing intensity. Government agenicies at the state and federal level also are turning their scrutiny to the country's 7,000-plus hospitals and even-larger number of private and semi-private clinics. They employ several million people, and more millions are cared for-plus visitors and vendors who every day enter the hospital's doors, walk its corridors and are exposed to a variety of environmental conditions. In short, occupational health and safety is coming to the hospital. The hospital has many of the hazards of any workplace, such as electrical deficiencies in equipment, toxic gases in the atmosphere, noise and weights to lift. But it has countless more hazards that are unique to it: bacterial infection, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, 24-hour-a-day, seven-days-a-week work schedules, and the fight for life in an intensive-care unit.
其一，认为医院不像工厂那样是真正的工作场所；其二，既然医院的功能是促进健康和福祉，那么对于身处其中的人而言，无论其身份如何，医院都是一个健康安全的地方。但事实远非如此，医院管理人员以及医疗和运营人员已开始逐渐意识到这一点，并愈发频繁地进行讨论。州和联邦层面的政府机构也将审查目光投向了全国7000多家医院以及数量更多的私立和半私立诊所。这些医疗机构雇佣了数百万员工，还有数百万患者接受治疗，再加上每天进入医院、穿行于走廊并暴露在各种环境条件下的访客和供应商。简而言之，职业健康与安全问题正走进医院。医院存在任何工作场所都有的诸多危险，比如设备电气故障、空气中的有毒气体、噪音以及需要搬运的重物。但医院还有无数独有的危险：细菌感染、电离和非电离辐射、一周七天、一天24小时的工作安排，以及重症监护病房中的生死搏斗。
