Pope Melissa
Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Curr Mol Med. 2003 May;3(3):229-42. doi: 10.2174/1566524033479870.
Many potential HIV vaccine strategies are being explored in both animal model and human settings. The success of any vaccine relies on relevant antigenic determinants being presented to the immune system for the activation of broad and long-lasting immunity. Effective immunity against HIV infection will likely require both the cellular and humoral arms of the immune system, where HIV-specific killer cells eradicate infected targets and neutralizing antibody responses contribute by preventing the initial infection of host cells. As the most potent antigen presenting cell of the immune system, the dendritic cell (DC) orchestrates the activation of adaptive immune responses as well as contributing to the early innate responses to a pathogen, which may also aid in the initial control of infection. It follows therefore, that the efficiency of a vaccine antigen would be greatly enhanced if targeted to the appropriate DCs to ensure optimal presentation to and subsequently activation of the immune system. This review will discuss (i) the current status of DC biology, covering distinct DC subsets and stages of activation and how these influence the types of immune responses that are induced, (ii) how DCs can be exploited to improve the efficacy of HIV vaccine strategies currently under investigation, (iii) what has been learned from in vivo model systems using DCs, and (iv) future considerations to advance HIV vaccinology.
目前，在动物模型和人体试验中，人们正在探索多种潜在的HIV疫苗策略。任何疫苗的成功都依赖于将相关抗原决定簇呈递给免疫系统，以激活广泛且持久的免疫反应。针对HIV感染产生有效的免疫反应可能需要免疫系统的细胞免疫和体液免疫共同发挥作用，其中HIV特异性杀伤细胞可清除被感染的靶细胞，而中和抗体反应则通过防止宿主细胞的初始感染来发挥作用。作为免疫系统中最强大的抗原呈递细胞，树突状细胞（DC）不仅协调适应性免疫反应的激活，还参与对病原体的早期固有免疫反应，这也可能有助于对感染的初始控制。因此，如果将疫苗抗原靶向适当的树突状细胞，以确保其最佳呈递并随后激活免疫系统，疫苗抗原的效率将大大提高。本综述将讨论：（i）树突状细胞生物学的现状，包括不同的树突状细胞亚群和激活阶段，以及这些如何影响所诱导的免疫反应类型；（ii）如何利用树突状细胞来提高目前正在研究的HIV疫苗策略的疗效；（iii）从使用树突状细胞的体内模型系统中学到了什么；（iv）推进HIV疫苗学的未来考虑因素。
